食用菌在京郊都市生态循环农业中的应用

食用菌产业主要利用农林业生产中的秸秆、枝杈等副产品,生产口味鲜美、营养丰富的食用菌,为农民创造了可观的经济收入;同时减少了秸秆的剩余量,降低了焚烧秸秆对环境的污染;食用菌采收后的菌渣还可生产出大量的有机肥,有利地促进了有机农业的发展。近年来,食用菌产业在京郊广泛推广,在工厂化栽培、农民散户栽培的基础上,依据北京地区气候特点,开展了反季节栽培、林下仿生栽培等各种新模式。着重介绍了食用菌产业在生态循环农业中的作用,目前京郊食用菌产业的基本情况,并以通州区、昌平区为例,介绍京郊食用菌工厂化栽培、反季节栽培与林下仿生栽培模式。     

Incorporating local ecological knowledge into urban riparian restoration in a mountainous region of Southwest China

Modern cities use straightened and concrete watercourses with simple greening for riparian zones, which has been criticised for insensitivity to natural system integrity and cultural identity. This increases the challenge to urban ecologists, landscape designers and managers to conceive innovative and effective design solutions that do not jeopardise hydraulic efficiency yet are culturally acceptable to local communities. This paper introduces the field of local ecological knowledge (LEK) as rich sources of inspiration and design solutions to meet this challenge. LEK refers to knowledge and practices of various local cultures about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with their environments. Wepropose a pragmatic framework that integrates LEK with modern landscape design. It includes steps: (1) investigate existing practices, skills andmeasures relating to LEK; (2) explore how and whereLEKcan inspire or integrate withdesign. Here we propose three aspects for integration in accordance with the nature of landscaping process: overall structure, component and maintenance.(3)evaluate and test the integration in terms of its acceptability by local communities. Taking the riparian revegetation project of Hanfeng Lake Urban Wetland Park (Chongqing Municipality) as an example, we illustrate the utility of this framework. 11 local common practices relating to LEK were identified. According to thethree aspects for integration, alternative design solutions were offered. The survey showed that LEK based designwas more highly valued than other conventional ways in terms of useracceptance. We conclude that LEK provides actionable ecologically sound and culturally desirablesolutions for urbanlandscape. We also recognise that LEK evolveswith changing environments and new harmonious and dynamic human-nature relationships arecontinually re-forming. The process of acquisition and application of LEK could encourage multidisciplinary and synthetic approaches to urban ecosystems. Such adaptability and interdisciplinary engagementare crucial totoday’schanging and complexurban environments.     

澳大利亚班克木生态习性与栽培技术研究综述

从澳大利亚班克木的资源概况、生物学特性、生长习性、育苗技术、栽培技本及其在生态上的应用等方面进行详细阐述,对班克木的引种栽培具有较好的指导意义.     

大兴安岭生态功能区建设的区划分析及“G＋X”管理模式构建

依据价值分析理念,对大兴安岭生态功能区进行了区划分析,并构建了大兴安岭生态功能区建设的＂G＋X＂管理模式。     

以“德”抗“位”的回归——论孟子、赵岐和朱熹的君臣观

在君臣关系上，先秦孟子主张德高于位，东汉赵岐虽未能继承孟子衣钵以德抗位，却也守道不违，守住了人臣的基本原则。而至南宋朱熹在吸纳与反省宋代《孟子》议题的时候，再次开掘和彰显仁义道德本真，以德抗位的人臣之本也自东汉赵岐之后得以回归。     

风电开发对坝上地区生态环境的影响研究

在分析坝上地区生态环境现状的基础上,对坝上地区风力发电的优势进行了相关研究,并提出了开发风电的思路。     

龙湖山国家森林公园生态文化建设规划初探

本文探讨了生态文化旅游定位,和在生态旅游与渗透生态文化教育相结合的问题。并从生态文化基础设施建设和挖掘生态文化内涵等方面阐述了龙湖山国家森林公园的规划方法,并提出了森林公园生态文化建设规划原则,规划重点和布局等内容。     

汉中盆地低山丘陵茶叶生产生态气候分析

通过对汉中盆地现有茶区生态气候状况的分析及与同纬度东部平原茶区比较，找出了汉中茶区生态气候和品质的比较优势与存在问题，提出：在退耕还茶中宜建生态茶园；生态园、老茶园和林区应根据局地小气候条件合理布局交错种植；宜推广无性繁殖和无污染管理技术。     

苜蓿地撂荒过程中土壤-微生物-胞外酶及化学计量的变化

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为优良修复草种在黄土高原广泛种植,然而随着农村人口迁移及土地利用变化,苜蓿人工草地大量弃置的问题已引起广泛关注。为研究苜蓿弃置草地土壤质量变化规律,本研究分析了不同弃置年限(0年、5年和10年)苜蓿草地土壤养分、微生物量、参与土壤碳氮磷(C,N,P)循环的胞外酶活性及其化学计量变化。结果表明：总体上,土壤和微生物C,N含量随弃置年限呈增加趋势,而C,N相关胞外酶活性和化学计量变化幅度较小;土壤和微生物P含量随弃置年限增加而显著降低,但P相关胞外酶活性及化学计量均有不同程度的增加。进一步分析发现：相较于其他土层,表层(0～20 cm)土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性较高,其变化趋势与总体结果相似;亚表层土壤(20～40 cm)和(80～100 cm)深层土壤C,N,P含量及其酶活性呈先增后减趋势,且各指标较于表层土壤均降低40%～80%。相关分析表明弃置草地土壤由于P匮乏而逐步退化,可通过补施磷肥改善。     

经济绿肥覆盖对西双版纳胶园土壤性状的综合影响

论述了经济绿肥覆盖对提高土壤肥力、改善土壤物理性状、水土保持、提高抗病性、增加收入等方面的作用和重要意义。阐明了经济绿肥覆盖在西双版纳胶园的应用前景，它将实现经济效益和生态效益并重的胶园可持续发展。同时提出了在胶林行间特别是保护带陡坡地种植绿肥覆盖物的发展思路及相应措施，即完成胶园经济绿肥良种的筛选、经济效益和生态效益评价、及配套栽培技术试验示范。