信息技术的发展与农业生态工程创新

信息技术在农业上的应用日渐成为农业研究的热点。为此，论述了信息技术在农业生产中应用发展，并根据我国多年农业生态工程建设的实践，阐明了农业生态工程研究中的技术路线和原则；从生态工程设计和支持手段、综合发展等方面，论述了基于信息技术的农业生态工程创新。     

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的电气特性

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的轴流风机动力是由本系统内燃机驱动的直流发电机提供。为了确定电气系统的组成构件及其规格、技术参数，本项目在二相流喷雾试验台上进行了逐项及组合性能试验。掌握了各要素的工作原理、技术性能、匹配参数及合适的工况点，为设计、研制内燃机驱动常温烟雾机提供了依据。     

农业纤维物料压缩流变研究现状

分析了国内外农业纤维物料压缩研究的现状,指出了存在问题;（１）多属“闭式”小模型压缩试验研究。（２）理论研究与实际脱节。（３）在压缩过程中的影响因素考虑的不够全面。（４）对压缩过程被压缩物料的流变特性研究不够;（５）同时要求给出被压缩物料施加恒应力（或恒应变）,并指出应加强以下几个方面的研究;（１）不同喂入量以不同压缩频率压缩时的蠕变和应力缓弛问题,（２）压缩室内草片和草捆在不同位置的蠕变和应力松     

精心组织项目实施，全力打造精品工程

高邮市丘陵山区农业综合开发项目于2000年正式立项实施。10年来,实施总面积1346．67hm2,项目区涉及送桥、菱塘、天山、郭集4个乡镇24个行政村（场）。项目的成功建设,加快了高邮市丘陵山区的发展,促进了农业增效、农民增收和农村繁荣。     

网上农业信息资源的检索和利用

本文介绍了Intemet网上一些实用性农业信息资源及其检索方法,对一些主要的农业站点和信息资源进行了分析和概括。为获取和利用因特网上重要的和相关的文献信息资源提供了依据。     

Short-term population dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in an agricultural soil

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) control the rate limiting step of nitrification, the conversion of ammonia (NH₄⁺) to nitrite (NO₂⁻). The AOB therefore have an important role to play in regulating soil nitrogen cycling. Tillage aerates the soil, stimulating rapid changes in soil N cycling and microbial communities. Here we report results of a study of the short term responses of AOB and net nitrification to simulated tillage and NH₄⁺ addition to soil. The intensively farmed vegetable soils of the Salinas Valley, California, provide the context for this study. These soils are cultivated frequently, receive large N fertilizer inputs and there are regional concerns about groundwater N concentrations. An understanding of N dynamics in these systems is therefore important. AOB population sizes were quantified using a real-time PCR approach. In a 15 day experiment AOB populations, increased rapidly following tillage and NH₄⁺ addition and persisted after the depletion of soil NH₄⁺. AOB population sizes increased to a similar degree, over a 1.5-day period, irrespective of the amount of NH₄⁺ supplied. These data suggest selection of an AOB community in this intensively farmed and C-limited soil, that rapidly uses NH₄⁺ that becomes available. These data also suggest that mineralization may play an especially important role in regulating AOB populations where NH₄⁺ pool sizes are very low. Methodological considerations in the study of soil AOB communities are also discussed.     

我国农业电子政务发展趋势探析

近年来,我国农业电子政务发展迅速,成效显著。为加快推进农业部门工作方式由管理型向服务型转变,实现履行管理职能与服务职责并重,今后以“农业网站＋手机（电话）＋乡镇农业信息服务站”为主要方式,增强农业部门、涉农人员、涉农企（事）业法人单位信息交流的能力,提高农业电子政务服务水平。为促进农业增效、农民增收,加快现代农业发展,助推新农村建设,提供及时、准确、便捷的农业部门工作服务,已成为今后发展的趋势。     

广东省农业信息化的现状与对策

农业信息化是新农村建设的重要环节。本文从农业网站、农业数据库、农业专家系统、农业管理信息系统、农业多媒体等5个方面阐述了广东省农业信息化发展的现状,并对农业信息化效果进行了分析,然后指出农业信息化中存在的问题,最后提出了发展建议与对策。     

Growth and competitiveness of the New Zealand tree species Podocarpus cunninghamii is reduced by ex-agricultural AMF but enhanced by forest AMF

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities found in agricultural systems has been found to be very different to that of forest. The implications of this, if any, for the restoration of indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect that AMF communities isolated from ex-agricultural and forest soils have on the growth of an indigenous New Zealand tree species (Podocarpus cunninghamii). The forest AMF community was isolated from a remnant stand of P. cunninghamii forest and the ex-agricultural AMF from a retired grazing grassland. In addition, the study examined how the two AMF communities affected the competitiveness of P. cunninghamii when grown in competition with an invasive grass species (Agrostis capillaris), which is frequently dominant on ex-agricultural land in New Zealand. P. cunninghamii growth was significantly decreased by inoculation with ex-agricultural AMF compared to forest AMF. Furthermore, the forest AMF community was able to significantly increase P. cunninghamii root production when in competition with A. capillaris. The findings suggest that when attempting to restore indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land, inoculation of tree seedlings with appropriate forest AMF may improve their growth and survival.     

中国农业的区域可持续发展能力评价研究——以西南地区为例

在综合性、特殊性、系统性和实践性原则的指导下 ,选择有关指标 ,构建了一个评价农业可持续发展能力的指标体系 ,运用主成分分析法 ,对西南省区农业可持续发展能力进行实证分析及评价。结果表明 :从综合系统方面来看 ,四川的得分最高 ,农业可持续发展能力最强 ,西藏的得分最低 ,农业可持续发展能力最弱 ,最低分与最高分相差近 3 3个点位 ;从分系统方面来看 ,在经济和科技两系统中 ,四川的得分仍最高 ,西藏的最低。而在社会保障系统中 ,西藏的得分最高 ,重庆的最低 ;在生态支撑系统中 ,贵州得分最高。云南省的得分值无论从综合还是分系统方面来看都不突出 ;西南省区农业可持续发展能力强弱的排序与经济实力的排序是一致的 ,即经济实力 (GDP)的差距直接表现在农业可持续发展能力的差距上。因此 ,笔者提出了旨在提升农业可持续发展能力和协调区域经济发展的战略选择建议 ,分别是 :制度战略、科技战略和人口战略。