农林经济管理专业会计学课程的教学模式创新研究

分析了非会计专业和会计专业的教学差异,在此基础上提出了提高农林经济管理专业的会计学课程教学效果的几点建议。旨在通过改进和调整课程教学方法和策略,培养符合专业要求的专门人才,构建符合特点的教学模式。     

我国农业技术发明专利分析

[目的]对我国农业技术专利总体状况进行研究。[方法]对我国农业领域的发明专利年度申请量、主要国家在我国的发明专利申请情况、申请人类别分布及年度变化、专利技术领域分布及年度变化进行统计分析。[结果]我国农业领域的技术专利申请量逐年增加,最近几年增长迅速,说明农业领域的科技创新程度加强;日本、美国、德国、瑞士、荷兰在我国的专利申请量位列国外前5位,说明这5个国家比较重视我国市场;个人、科研院所和企业共同构成了农业技术的创新主体,个人专利申请数量与企业申请数量相差不大,科研机构的专利申请量稍少,企业和科研机构创新能力明显高于个人。[结论]该研究可我国政府决策和企业技术创新提供借鉴与参考。     

气候变化对太原市农业发展的影响及对策

利用SPSS软件对太原市气温、降水量和日照进行分析,制作趋势图和5阶多项式拟合曲线图,指出太原市气候变化的主要特点,研究气候变化对太原市农业产生的影响,针对其不利影响提出应对策略,为适应和降低气候变化对农业的影响提供科学依据.     

中国农业发展经验对于中非农业合作的启示

通过回顾中国农业发展的绩效与经验,探究其对于非洲减贫和经济增长的意义,并在此基础上探究如何才能更好的加强中国农业发展的经验与中国对非农业援助实践之间的相关性.     

关于农业面源污染治理的实践与思考——以云和县治水为例

总结云和县农业面源污染治理的成效与做法,分析存在的问题,并提出进一步推进农业面源污染治理的建议。     

一起受淹大麦经济损失农业司法鉴定案例分析

分析了一起因农田淹水导致乳熟期大麦产量经济损失的司法鉴定案件,认为淹水对此期大麦的单位面积穗数、每穗粒数基本上无影响,但对千粒重有直接的影响,因此依据千粒重降低率与产量降低率相同的数量关系估算了受淹大麦的产量损失量。根据大麦的平均市场价格、生产成本投入等估算出受淹大麦的经济损失。本司法鉴定意见经质证后成为法院公正审理案件的法定证据。     

Short-term competition between crop plants and soil microbes for inorganic N fertilizer

Agricultural systems that receive high amounts of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the form of either ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻) or a combination thereof are expected to differ in soil N transformation rates and fates of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. Using ¹⁵N tracer techniques this study examines how crop plants and soil microbes vary in their ability to take up and compete for fertilizer N on a short time scale (hours to days). Single plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex) were grown on two agricultural soils in microcosms which received either NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻ or NH₄NO₃. Within each fertilizer treatment traces of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵NO₃⁻ were added separately. During 8 days of fertilization the fate of fertilizer ¹⁵N into plants, microbial biomass and inorganic soil N pools as well as changes in gross N transformation rates were investigated. One week after fertilization 45-80% of initially applied ¹⁵N was recovered in crop plants compared to only 1-10% in soil microbes, proving that plants were the strongest competitors for fertilizer N. In terms of N uptake soil microbes out-competed plants only during the first 4 h of N application independent of soil and fertilizer N form. Within one day microbial N uptake declined substantially, probably due to carbon limitation. In both soils, plants and soil microbes took up more NO₃⁻ than NH₄⁺ independent of initially applied N form. Surprisingly, no inhibitory effect of NH₄⁺ on the uptake and assimilation of nitrate in both, plants and microbes, was observed, probably because fast nitrification rates led to a swift depletion of the ammonium pool. Compared to plant and microbial NH₄⁺ uptake rates, gross nitrification rates were 3-75-fold higher, indicating that nitrifiers were the strongest competitors for NH₄⁺ in both soils. The rapid conversion of NH₄⁺ to NO₃⁻ and preferential use of NO₃⁻ by soil microbes suggest that in agricultural systems with high inorganic N fertilizer inputs the soil microbial community could adapt to high concentrations of NO₃⁻ and shift towards enhanced reliance on NO₃⁻ for their N supply.     

浅谈旌德秋冬季农业开发

提出了旌德秋冬季农业开发的建议：提高认识,合理布局,扩大规模,科技推动,产业化经营,推动旌德生态农业发展。     

农业高校实验技术人员在培养创新型人才中的作用

从工作实际经验出发,对充分发挥农业高校实验技术人员在培养创新型农业人才中的作用进行思考和探索。     

对农业产业化的进一步认识与思考

结合多年研究及宁夏农业产业化实践,就推进农业产业化应着重把握的几个关键问题,如：正确理解其概念及内涵、发展特色优势产业、培育龙头企业、建设规模化标准化生产基地、实现加工营销企业的分工协作、重视产业深度开发等进行了探讨.