海外都市农业对京郊都市农业的启示

日本都市农业的主要作用体现为"食"与"绿".德国都市农业的主旨是为市民提供体验农家生活的机会,使久居都市的市民享受田园之乐.台湾地区的都市农业大致与德国的市民农园相同.京郊都市农业经过近20年的发展探索,已形成观光农业、休闲度假农业、体验型农业等类型.海外都市农业为京郊都市农业的发展提供了有益的启示.     

农产品质量安全问题与对策

从目前我国农产品的污染问题入手,分析了造成农产品污染的原因,讨论了开展农产品质量安全评估的必要性,提出了实现农产品质量安全的对策。     

我国农业结构调整的博弈分析

应用经济学中博弈理论的相关知识,对农业结构调整中农产品生产与资源环境保护、食物的生产与食物的消费、追求食物的数量与追求食物的质量、种植粮食作物与种植经济作物等主要关系进行分析。     

基于OpenGL技术的农业地理模型的建立

OpenGL是一种优秀的三维图形硬件的软件接口。介绍了OpenGL在农业研究和发展中的应用,重点介绍了运用OpenGL图形标准制作用于农业的真实感三维地形模型的技术方法,阐述了OpenGL的工作原理和三维模型的生成步骤及其相关问题。     

Agricultural practices alter sex ratios in a reptile with environmental sex determination

Anthropogenic changes to the environment have the opportunity to impact natural systems, particularly in organisms that exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Species with environmental sex determination (ESD) are uniquely susceptible to changes in the stimuli that affect sexual development, potentially leading to maladaptive sex ratios. We studied the factors affecting sex determination and sex ratios in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, in an area heavily impacted by agricultural practices. We investigated the effects of soybean, corn, and sunflower planting on incubation temperatures, sex ratios, and depredation in naturally laid nests. We also identified and analyzed a novel mitochondrial microsatellite in order to examine the presence of natal homing and determine the likelihood that nest sites impacted by agricultural practices could be transmitted across generations. Females frequently chose to nest in agricultural fields over sand prairie sites, and offspring sex ratios and depredation rates were significantly influenced by crop planting. Despite detecting considerable genetic variation in our population, we found no relationship between relatedness and nesting location, suggesting that females are not transmitting nesting sites across generations. Our results suggest that agricultural practices can directly impact populations of animals with ESD, and will need to be considered in management decisions.     

大学校园景观环境意象设计探析——以福建农林大学为例

文章从空间构成的角度,从校园道路、校园景观节点、区域和校园标志物四个方面分析了福建农林大学校园景观意象,通过对此校园景观的分析评价,肯定优点,发现不足,希望从景观意象设计的角度对大学校园景观建设提供一定的参考。     

Reptile diversity and rodent community structure across a political border

The peace treaty between Israel and Jordan found the Arava desert ecosystem, shared by the two countries, in a state of developmental dichotomy. On the Israeli side, vast lands have been settled and transformed into agricultural fields, while the Jordanian side has remained relatively intact and inhabited by only a few traditional and pastoral societies. This study examined the effect of different landscape units and proximity to agriculture on reptile diversity and rodent community structure on both sides of the border. It appears that in addition to the effect of proximity to agricultural fields and landscape habitat, the border between the two countries may play a role in determining diversity on the respective sides. While reptile abundance was generally higher on the Israeli side of the border, diversity was found to be significantly higher on the Jordanian side. Rodent community structure also revealed significant differences between the two sides of the border, mainly due to the more favorable conditions for psammophilic gerbils in Jordan. When comparing Western society with pastoral traditional society, it appears that development activities of the former have altered diversity and community structure of the taxa studied in the Arava. We suggest that in addition to the effects of habitats and human disturbances, such as modern agricultural practices, cultural differences between societies should be considered when conservation plans are developed for cross-border ecosystems.     

河北省坝上地区农业生态足迹计算与分析——以河北省尚义县为例

本研究以河北省尚义县为例对坝上地区农业发展的可持续程度进行分析,发现尚义县的农业发展仍处于一种较为严重的不可持续状态,2000年尚义县农业人均生态赤字为0.36hm2,从近6年的状况看,其农业发展已经开始出现好转趋向。     

Structural studies on soil nitrogen by Curie-point pyrolysis — gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with nitrogen-selective detection

Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry with N-selective detection was used to characterize the structure of organic N compounds in four mineral soils. The technique was found suitable for the fast, sensitive, and highly specific identification of N-containing pyrolysis products from whole soils with total N contents between 0.08 and 0.46%. In order to optimize the methodology, one agricultural soil was pyrolyzed at final temperatures of 573, 773, and 973 K. Almost no chemical alterations to identifiable pyrolysis products were observed when the final pyrolysis temperature was increased from 573 to 973 K. More than 50 N-containing pyrolysis products were identified, and were divided into compound classes chracterized by specific molecular-chemical structures. These included pyrroles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazines, indoles, quinolines, N derivatives of benzene, alkyl nitriles, and aliphatic amines. Three additional soil samples different in origin and N content were analyzed at 773 K and each showed a specific thermosensitive N-selective chromatogram. Many N-containing pyrolysis products were identified in all samples, which indicated general qualitative regularities in the thermal release of N-containing pyrolysis products from the four soils. In the pyrolyzates of the investigated soils a number of compounds were identified, which is usually not detectable in pyrolysis-gas chromatography spectrometry analyses with N-selective detection of plants and microorganisms. Among these were N derivatives of benzene and long-chain alkyl nitriles, which appear to be soil-specific and suggest significant transformations of organic N in soils. Thus, our results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular-chemical structure of unknown N.