气调保鲜袋对香蕉采后品质及生理生化的影响

以天宝香蕉为试材,研究了贮藏温度、气调保鲜袋厚度和乙烯吸收剂用量对保鲜效果的影响,结果表明,采用25℃＋0．015mm气调保鲜袋＋乙烯吸收剂（其用量为果实鲜重的0．8％）处理的香蕉保鲜效果最佳,腐烂率低,色泽风味好,与对照（25℃＋PE保鲜袋＋乙烯吸收剂）相比,可延迟果实后熟软化,延缓果实乙烯释放量和呼吸强度的增加速度,并抑制果皮细胞膜透性和过氧化酶（POD）活性,从而延长香蕉的贮藏期。、     

秋甘蓝新品种秋甘5 号的选育

秋甘5 号是以CMS021 胞质雄性不育系为母本,以自交系95077-7-A1-B6-2-5 为父本配制
而成的秋甘蓝一代杂种。中熟,从定植到收获80 d（天）左右。植株生长势强,株型开展,开展度66.7
cm,外叶14 片,叶色灰绿,叶面蜡粉中,叶缘有轻波纹,无缺刻。叶球绿色、紧实度0.57,扁圆形,球
高13.6 cm,横径23.6 cm,中心柱长6.1 cm,小于球高的1/2,单球质量2～3 kg,质地脆嫩,味甘甜,耐
裂球,耐热,高抗枯萎病,抗病毒病（TuMV）、黑腐病,一般每667 m ² 产量5 000 kg 左右,适于华北、华南、
西北、西南等地种植。     

Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination of wheat,a review

Summary An infection of bread wheat by fusarium head blight contaminates the crop with mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). The toxicity and natural occurrence of these mycotoxins in wheat are reviewed. Based on 8 years data of fusarium head blight epidemics of wheat in the Netherlands, DON contamination of the grain was estimated. Fusarium head blight ratings averaged an infection of 1.7% of all spikelets; estimates for DON contamination averaged 0.9 mg kg^–1. Taking a guideline level for DON in uncleaned bread wheat of 2 mg kg^–1, in 1979 and 1982 a wheat crop was produced with estimated DON concentrations above the limit of tolerance. Human and animal exposure to mycotoxins in the Netherlands appears to be small but chronic. The information presented in this paper illustrates the need for an annual evaluation of the crop for fusarium head blight incidence and mycotoxin content, and the necessity of fusarium head blight resistant wheat cultivars.Samenvatting Aaraantasting van tarwe doorFusarium culmorum enFusarium graminearum leidt tot vorming van mycotoxinen in het graan, waarvan deoxynivalenol (DON) en nivalenol (NIV) de belangrijkste toxinen zijn. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de toxicologische aspecten, en het voorkomen van deze toxinen in tarwe. Informatie over DON en NIV in tarwe in West-Europa is schaars. Gebaseerd op gegevens vanFusarium epidemieën in de jaren 1979–1986 wordt een schatting gegeven van de concentratie DON in Nederlandse tarwe. Rekening houdend met de herkomst en verwerking van tarwe, blijken zowel in dierlijk als menselijk voedsel lage concentraties DON chronisch voor te komen. Op basis van een maximaal toelaatbare dagelijkse dosis DON van 3 g kg^–1 lichaamsgewicht is de schatting van de dagelijkse opname van DON in het jaar volgend op de oogst van 1982 net op de grens. Zowel een jaarlijkse inventarisatie vanFusarium aantasting en DON besmetting van het graan, als de ontwikkeling vanFusarium-resistente rassen zijn noodzakelijk.     

Variable response of open-pollinated seedling progeny of avocado to Phytophthora root rot

Phytophthora root rot, caused byPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is the most important disease of avocado (Persea americana Miller). In an attempt to identify root rot-resistant rootstocks that could ultimately be used under conditions in southern Florida, we screened open-pollinated progeny of avocado from the National Germplasm Repository in Miami. From 1996 to 1998, a total of 2,355 seedlings from 51 accessions were examined in potting mix artificially infested withP. cinnamomi. Most seedlings developed severe root rot, but tolerance was observed in some families (i.e., progeny of certain accessions). Although the most susceptible families developed mean disease ratings of up to 97% root necrosis, mean ratings for the most tolerant families were less than 60%. There was also a strong relationship between the racial background of the female parent and the tolerance of seedlings. Seedlings of the West Indian race and hybrids between it and the Guatemalan race were significantly more tolerant than those from other parents (P< 0.05). Individuals in several families developed < 50% root necrosis, the arbitrary standard of tolerance in this study. Twelve families accounted for 82% (188 of 229) of the tolerant seedlings, and only two of these did not have a West Indian or Guatemalan × West Indian pedigree. Broad-sense heritability for PRR tolerance was 0.45. This is the first report on the inheritance of PRR tolerance in avocado and on the influence of genotype and racial pedigree under controlled conditions.     

小麦淀粉峰值粘度的选择指标

淀粉是小麦籽粒的主要成分,对面制食品的加工品质有重要影响.糊化特性是淀粉最重要的品质指标[1,2],而峰值粘度是衡量糊化特性的主要参数,与面条品质呈显著或极显著正相关[3～10],与馒头体积、比容、结构和评分亦呈显著或极显著正相关[8,11].     

楸树的初代培养研究

以楸树的4个品种(类型)(圆基长果楸、豫楸1号、豫楸2号和梓树)为材料进行组织培养研究,试验结果表明:(1)通过豫楸1号和圆基长果楸在MS、1/2MS、N6、WPM、B55种基本培养基上的诱导率和启动时间确定了该实验的最佳培养基为N6,其诱导率达80%,接种后2 d即启动。(2)外植体的消毒方式采用75%的酒精和0.1%HgC l2双步消毒,4个品种(类型)中豫楸2号的成活率最高,污染率最小。而不同品种(类型)最适消毒时间分别为:圆基长果楸5 min、豫楸1号8 min、豫楸2号7 min、梓树9.5 min。(3)大田栽培的圆基长果楸的污染率是温室栽培下的4~6倍,而成活率仅为温室栽培下的1/4,温室栽培的材料更适于进行组织培养。(4)豫楸1号在30 d内的污染率动态变化表明,外植体在接种7 d后出现污染,而主要污染发生在接种后的第14 d和第21 d。     

基质和激素对无刺枸骨扦插成活率及其生长影响研究初报

无刺枸骨在5种不同基质中,以及在经用NAA,IAA和IBA等3种激素处理的山黄土中扦插后,对其下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率以及苗高、地径、新梢长、根数量、最大根长、最小根长、根系幅度和鲜重等11个指标进行了研究。结果表明:在3号基质(山黄土与珍珠岩容积比为1∶1)中插穗下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率分别为90.67%,85.33%和71.33%,高于其他基质中的插穗,且3号基质中苗高、新梢长、最大根长、最小根长和鲜重等5个指标的平均值也都优于其他几种基质,与对照(砻糠灰)相比,增幅分别为0.18%,55.56%,22.80%,30.00%和13.66%;100 mg/L NAA浸泡2 h或1 000 mg/L IBA速蘸5 s,能显著提高插穗的下端伤口愈合率、生根率和成苗率。其中,经100 mg/L NAA处理过后的插穗,其苗高、新梢长、根系数量、鲜重等指标较对照(清水)增幅分别为18.79%,128.57%,43.90%和14.39%,生长优势最强。     

云南石榴根际剑属线虫的记述

从云南省主要石榴产区蒙自县、会泽县和建水县,采集了石榴根际土样标本,分离得到线虫后,采用形态特征进行鉴定.结果表明,寄生于云南石榴根部的剑属线虫有两种:一种是标明剑线虫(Xiphinama insigne Loose),1949;另一种为短颈剑线虫(Xiphinama brevicolle Lordello ＆ Da Costa), 1961.     

南方红豆杉种子透性及甲醇浸提液的生物测定

对南方红豆杉种子休眠原因进行研究。结果表明:南方红豆杉种皮的透水性不是引起休眠的主要原因。南方红豆杉种子各部分的甲醇浸提液作生物测定,表明种子的内种皮、中种皮及胚乳均含有某些抑制物质,对白菜苗高和根长的生长有一定的抑制作用。其中以内种皮的抑制能力为最高,胚乳次之,中种皮最少。表明南方红豆杉种子的胚乳、内种皮和中种皮存在的多种有机化合物是造成南方红豆杉种子休眠的主要原因之一。     

甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜远缘杂交选育新品系的主要性状及其硼效应研究

研究了甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜远缘杂交选育的9个油菜新品系的主要性状及对硼的敏感性。结果表明,3F206-1、3F207-4和3F207-5等3个新品系的主要性状较好、抗硼性强、产量较高且稳定。