肉异物识别中肉厚度激光补偿试验系统的研制

农产品形状的不规则性严重影响用X射线成像方法检测农产品的内部品质的检测质量。针对这个问题,该文以肉为研究对象,建立了基于激光的肉厚度补偿试验系统,补偿X射线图像因厚度不同对肉产生的影响。该系统包括X射线图像采集系统、激光图像采集系统,机械传输部分、控制系统及图像处理系统等。用最小二乘法求取肉厚度补偿模型,建立激光图像与厚度补偿图像映射关系,用激光厚度补偿图像与X射线肉图像融合,基于OTSU算法(最大类间方差,automatically perform histogram shape-based image thresholding)提取出融合后的肉X射线图像中的异物。试验结果表明,这种方法能够消除厚度的变化对图像的影响,该研究为支撑为肉异物提取提供了一种准确高效的方法。     

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF SHOCK WAVE FOCUSING WITH CCW METHOD

By the use of a numerical scheme of chisnell-Chester-Whitham Method (CCW), some numerical solutions to the problems of shock wave focusing are completed successfully and simply.     

绵羊自然铅镉中毒骨骼损伤的X线特征

对自然铅镉中毒绵羊骨骼损伤的X线特征及骨组织重金属元素的沉积进行了系统研究。结果表明，由于重金属元素在骨骼中的高度蓄积，致使骨中Ca,P代谢紊乱，重金属中毒呈现以骨质疏松为特征的骨营养不良。头颅、胸部及四肢X线摄影检查显示，病羊骨骼主要病理变化是普遍性骨质疏松，牙齿磨灭不齐，四肢长骨密度减低，骨皮质变薄，骨髓腔增宽，骨小梁稀少，骨指数显著低于健康羊（P＜0．05）。     

山羊实验性骨折愈合的X线观察

利用X线诊断技术,观察山羊的掌骨骨折愈合情况.结果表明:骨折愈合过程各期出现骨痂的最早时间,纤维性骨痂期平均为13d(最早者12d);骨性骨痂形成期平均为15.5d(最早者14d);骨性接合期平均为44d(最早者38d);骨痂改建期平均为72.5d(最早者70d).同时表明,同一骨骼的骨折,因骨折部位上下不同,达到各期愈合所经历的时间的差异明显,即掌骨上1/3组比掌骨下1/3组分别提前2,3,12和5d.     

牛精子体外获能前后元素变化的研究

 本文应用x射线能谱技术，对获能前后精子质膜表面（头部、中段）和内部（顶体内、中段线粒体内）的元素进行了分析测试。结果表明，牛精子用肝素+咖啡因体外获能后，头部、中段质膜表面的Na、Al、S、K含量升高，Cl、Ca含量降低；顶体内Na、Mg、Si、P和Fe含量降低，而Ca、K、Cl和S含量升高；精子中段线粒体内Na、P、Si、Cl和Ca升高，而Mg、S、K和Fe却降低。获能过程中精子顶体内Na/Ca、Na/K、Cl/Ca、Cl/K和Na/Cl的浓度比分别为42.13、12.43、15.36、45.31和2.74；而摩尔比又分别为73.42、21.13、17.37、4.99和4.23。本文并对可能的获能机理进行了讨论。     

水稻籽粒不同部位P与Al、Cd、Pb含量的关系

利用环境扫描电镜结合X射线电子探针显微分析技术,研究了水稻籽粒不同部位P与Al、Cd、Pb含量的关系.结果表明:金属元素Al、Cd、Pb和其他矿质元素一样,也在糊粉层中积累最多;水稻籽粒中P的积累与Al、Cd、Pb的富集有密切关系;其中,籽粒不同部位P与Al的含量存在极显著的正相关关系,而Pb和Cd的含量并不随着P含量的增加而增加,其变化幅度较小.说明P对Al的富集具有促进作用.     

Specific developmental stages of gametogenesis for radiosensitivity and mutagenesis in rice

Summary Developmental stages during gametogenesis of rice were histologically examined in the period from differentiation of reproductive organs to anthesis. Plants were exposed to acute X-rays of 20 Gy. Radiosensitivity and mutation frequency were investigated in relation to the developmental stages of reproductive organs. The most radiosensitive stage, as measured by reduction of the M1 pollen-and seed-fertilities, was the last premeiotic interphase. Mutations induced at different developmental stages were scored in M3 strains. Sterility mutants and short-culm mutants were most frequently observed. Grain shape, panicle morphology, heading-date and endosperm character mutants were induced at a relatively low frequency. The overall mutation frequency varied with the developmental stage at the time of irradiation. The highest overall mutation frequency was observed when radiation was applied 10 days before anthesis, the late tetrad stage of microspores. Radiation exposure of florets at the late tetrad stage was found to be a more efficient method of inducing a large number of mutations than radiations applied to seeds and fertilized egg cells.     

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF PEPPER PLANTS FERTILIZED WITH PELLETIZED POULTRY MANURE

Poultry manure (PM) has been traditionally applied to crops for decades as an organic fertilizer, because it is a good and balanced source of plant nutrients. Its effect on plant growth and yield has been widely investigated and is well known. However, there has been little effort to relate elemental compositions of the manure applied to their concentrations in the plants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of PM on the growth, and essential and non-essential element composition of pepper (Capsicum annuum) leaves and also fruits. Pepper plants were grown in soil with 0, 10, 20, and 40 g kg^?1 PM under greenhouse conditions. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), chloride (Cl), nickel (Ni), bromine (Br), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), and cerium (Ce) in leaves at the flowering stage and in fruits were determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Poultry manure fertilization significantly improved pepper shoot growth and also fruit yield, and increased leaf and fruit P concentrations but not N, K, Mg, Si, Al, Ni, and Fe. Leaf Ca was significantly reduced by increased rate of PM application. Applied PM increased the concentrations of leaf and fruit Zn and Cl. Poultry manure applications had a positive effect on the concentrations of leaf Cu, and fruit Mn. The concentrations of Rb and Ce in fruits and Br in fruit and leaves were increased by PM treatments. Applied PM levels had no clear effect on the concentrations of Ba and La in pepper leaves. The leaf Ba was the highest with 10 g kg^?1 PM, and leaf La was higher in 20 and 40 g kg^?1 PM treatments than in the control.