毛竹材微纤丝角变异规律研究

利用了X射线衍射技术对不同高度、不同竹龄、在垂周方向不同位置的毛竹材微纤丝角变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在竹壁径向上,由外而内,微纤丝角大致呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,至靠近竹黄处微纤丝呈现最小值,且最大值与最小值间差异为4.17°。从基部往上,微纤丝角有略微增大,最大差异只有0.15°。毛竹材的微纤丝角从0.5年至6年呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,5个竹龄的毛竹材微纤丝角之间的差异最大值仅0.52°。最后通过方差分析表明,高度、竹龄以及垂周方向上的位置对毛竹材微纤丝角的影响显著。     

芝麻隐性核不育系0176A不育株与可育株酯酶同工酶研究

以芝麻隐性核不育系0176A为材料,采用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳法研究分析0176A酯酶同工酶(EST)谱带数量和活性强弱与其育性的关系。结果表明:在蕾期的叶片和花药中,0176A不育株与可育株EST的谱带数量和活性强弱均有一定的差异,即不育株叶片、幼蕾和开放花花药中EST条带数多于相应的可育株,在PI 5.18时可育株比不育株酶活性强。利用EST这种表达上的差异性,可为快速鉴别出芝麻不育株和伪杂种提供参考依据。     

Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies

Sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to quantify S species in humic substance extracts from ten soils from the UK, China and New Zealand, which differ in land use and agricultural management. XANES spectroscopy showed the presence of most reduced (sulphides, disulphides, thiols and thiophenes), intermediate (sulphoxides and sulphonates) and highly oxidised S (ester sulphates) forms, with the three groups representing 14-32%, 33-50% and 22-53% of the organic S in the humic substance extracts, respectively. Land use had a profound influence on the relative proportions of S species. Well-drained arable soils generally had a higher proportion of organic S present in the most oxidised form than the grassland soils collected nearby, whereas paddy soils showed a more reduced profile due to episodic flooding. In the Broadbalk Classical Experiment at Rothamsted, reversion of an arable system to grassland or woodland in the 1880s resulted in an increase of the most reduced and intermediate S species at the expense of the most oxidised S species. Long-term applications of farmyard manure to an arable plot also shifted S species from the most oxidised to the intermediate and the most reduced species. Sulphur immobilisation and gross mineralisation were determined in seven soils using the ³⁵S isotope dilution method. Gross mineralisation during a 53-day incubation correlated more closely with the amounts of the most reduced and intermediate S species than with the most oxidised S species, suggesting that the former (C-bonded S) were the main source of organic S for mineralisation in the short-term.     

pH对针铁矿表面磷酸盐吸附的化学形态的影响

Chemical forms of the phosphate adsorbed on goethite surfaces and characteristics of the coordinate groups which exchange with P on goethite surfaces in solutions with different pll values were investigated.Results showed that the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces changed from the dominance of monodentate corrdination to that of bidentate one with increasing pH of the solution.By influencing types of phosphate ions in solutions,pH affected the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces,The amount of OH^- displaced by phosphae on goethite surfaces was the most at pH 7.0,the second at pH 9.0,and the least at pH 4.5.     

红毛丹组织X射线衰减系数与其密度的相关性

通过分别测定红毛丹果实各部分的厚度,并利用X射线图像测定射线强度,研究其X射线衰减系数,同时研究衰减系数与其密度的相关性,建立射线强度和厚度的回归方程以及果实的衰减系数与果实的果皮、果肉、果仁衰减系数的关系,为外形尺寸大小的分级奠定基础。     

A modified ab externo approach for suture fixation of an intraocular lens implant in the dog

The goals of canine cataract and lens instability surgery should be to ensure a small incision, minimal tissue trauma, shortened surgical time, maintenance of the anterior chamber, and restoration of emmetropia through the use of a stable intraocular lens specifically designed for the canine eye. While this is usually the case with routine phacoemulsification and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation, it is often not the case with lens instability, lens luxation or large posterior capsular ruptures. In such cases the incisions are often larger, surgical time and tissue trauma are excessive, and the patient is often left aphakic. The goal of this paper is to present a modified ab externo technique designed to allow removal of the lens and placement of a ciliary sulcus sutured IOL through a small incision, with minimal trauma and shortened surgical time. Use of this technique may allow more canine patients to be emmetropic postoperatively. In addition, the ease of this procedure may encourage earlier removal of an unstable lens and decrease the risk of secondary glaucoma and retinal detachment that occur in association with lens luxation.     

The Deterioration of Eating and Cooking Quality Caused by High Temperature During Grain Filling in Early-Season indica Rice Cultivars

The effect of temperature during grain filling on eating and cooking quality of early-season indica rice was investigated by using four cultivars with different amylose content. Starting from flowering stage until maturity, the plants of all cultivars were subjected to two temperature treatments, referred as optimum (mean daily air temperature, 22 °C) and high (32 °C) temperature regimes. The results showed that the effect of high temperature on apparent amylose content and gel consistency in milled rice was cultivar-dependent. Under high temperature, amylose content increased for cv. Jiayu353 and remained little changed for cv. Guangluai4, which had intrinsically higher amylose content, and decreased for cv. Zhefu49 and cv. Jiazao935, which had lower amylose content. By contrast, high temperature reduced or kept stable gel consistency values for cultivars with higher amylose content and increased gel consistency values for those with lower amylose content. Moreover, high temperature significantly increased the gelatinization temperature of all cultivars. Pasting profiles and X-ray diffraction pattern of rice were also affected by temperature. The results suggest that high temperature during grain filling change the component and crystalline structure of starch and result in deterioration of eating and cooking quality for early-season indica rice.     

牧草干燥太阳能聚焦吸收器机理分析与优化

目前太阳能干燥设备是以非聚焦板式空气集热器为关键工作部件,其干燥效率和生产率均较低。为此,研究了太阳能聚焦吸收器的黑腔功能,利用该功能减少聚焦光线对外二次辐射和能量损失。设计4种结构类型的太阳能聚焦吸收器,进行了性能机理研究和对比分析,其中三角形聚焦吸收器呈现出良好的黑腔效果。进一步对三角形聚焦吸收装置进行优化,得出吸收器内腔深度在4 cm左右时性能最佳。对4种吸收器进行了试验测试,结果表明,三角形优于圆弧形,圆弧形优于方形,性能最差的是半圆形。吸收器开口宽度为5 cm时的黑腔效果低于开口宽度为3 cm时的效果。盖板形状对吸收器性能产生影响,平板优于圆形,V形最差。     

桃水溶性蛋白质等电聚焦电泳分析初报

对不同 pH 范围的两性载体电解质(Ampholine)进行等电聚焦(IEF)电泳,能获得不同的水溶性蛋白质谱型.结果表明:1.桃大多数器官酸性蛋白质含量丰富,宜选用pH3.5—7.0的 Ampholine 进行 IEF 电泳.2.桃不同器官水溶性蛋白质谱型差异显著.宜用花药、幼叶、叶柄、花瓣作为 IEF 电泳的主要分析器官;成熟叶、萼筒、种子作为辅助分析器官.3.萼筒和花瓣水溶性蛋白质谱型可鉴别黄肉桃、白肉桃两类品种,而花瓣谱型亦能区分桃大花、小花两种类型.     

X射线强度直接计数法无损检测木材生长轮密度

文中初步探讨了X射线强度直接计数法无损连续检测木材生长轮密度的理论。作者主要根据X射线服从指数衰减规律,采用按一定步长移动的扫描方式,并结合应用D/max-3B型X射线衍射仪(日本)提出了试样制作要求和试验方法。通过实验对兴安落叶松、杉木等进行了测试,其结果与称重法比较基本一致。这一研究表明,应用X射线强度直接计数法,优于X射线照像法和γ射线强度直接计数法,它简化了测试过程,提高了检测速度,是一种检测木材密度的有效手段,可用于木材科学研究和生产实践。