Isolation by isoelectric focusing of humic-urease complexes from earthworm (Eisenia fetida)-processed sewage sludges

 Vermicomposting is an eco-biotechnological process that transforms energy-rich and complex organic substances into a stabilized humus-like product. In a laboratory experiment, Eisenia fetida (Sav.) earthworms were employed to process putrescible sewage sludges into a high-value biofertilizer, very rich in urease activity and humic-urease complexes (stabilized extracellular enzymes). Extracellular humic-urease complexes were extracted by a single 24-h extraction at 37  °C using neutral pyrophosphate (0.1 M); then, the extracts were dialysed and characterized by means of an analytical isoelectric focusing technique. This technique gave a multiplicity of humic bands enzymatically active, with isoelectric points ranging from 4.8 to 5.6. The results demonstrated that, after an 18-week incubation period, sewage sludge had undergone a biochemical evolution, which caused a doubling of absolute urease activity and a six-fold increase in specific activity (activity with reference to the humic C fraction). The biochemical evolution of the vermicompost was evaluated also from the sharp decrease in pyrophosphate-extractable C and water-soluble C. Stabilization of organic C during vermicomposting and the activity of humic-urease complexes expressed at low pH values are of extreme importance when organic wastes are used in acid soils for biochemical restoration purposes. Received: 10 June 1999     

草坪种子品种快速鉴定技术研究I超薄层等电聚焦(IEF)电泳技术

草坪草种的品种真实性鉴定是评定草种质量的重要指标.依据<国际种子检验规程>,采用等电聚焦电泳技术对适于西北地区的几种冷季型草坪草种进行了品种真实性鉴定研究,确定了两性电解质的pH值范围、酶提取液浓度及最佳取材时间,证明等电聚焦电泳方法是鉴别草坪草品种的有效测定技术.     

等电聚焦电泳法测定羽衣甘蓝自交不亲和性的研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法,研究了羽衣甘蓝强自交不亲和系、弱自交不亲和系与自交亲和系的柱头和花粉蛋白质谱带,并进行自交,以考察亲和指数。结果表明:强自交不亲和系的成熟柱头(S)和弱自交不亲和系的成熟柱头的蛋白谱带有明显差异;强自交不亲和系有特异谱带的出现,而弱自交不亲和系和自交亲和系柱头上没有特异谱带。对比自交不亲和系开花前2~3 d的柱头(S′)与成熟柱头(S)的蛋白质谱带发现了S特异蛋白质的准确位置,其等电点为8.5~9.1。此法可用于鉴定羽衣甘蓝的自交不亲和性。用同种方法处理花粉,没有发现自交不亲和系的特征谱带。     

(±)-Pestalachloride D,an Antibacterial Racemate of Chlorinated Benzophenone Derivative from a Soft Coral-Derived Fungus Pestalotiopsis sp

A new antibacterial chlorinated benzophenone derivative, (±)-pestalachloride D (1), along with a related analog, (±)-pestalachloride C (2), was recently isolated from the marine-derived fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from a soft coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from Yongxing Island in the South China Sea. Both chiral HPLC analysis and single-crystal X-ray data indicated that 1 is a racemic mixture. Interestingly, 1 did not exhibit any effect in the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay, while 2 led to abnormal growth. The potential impact on zebrafish embryo growth is discussed based on their crystal structures. The main difference of crystal structures between 1 and 2 is that the six-member non-aromatic ring (O4, C10, C9, C8, C2′, and C3′) in 1 exhibits a distorted chair conformation, while 2 shows a distorted boat conformation. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 both exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.     

木材缺陷图象的伪彩色处理

一、引言木材缺陷的检测是评定材质高低的一个重要依据。目前,我国木材缺陷的检测基本上处于用肉眼观察确定表面的缺陷;用敲击法或凭经验来判断内部缺陷的状况。用X光透视技术检验木材内部缺陷、评定木材等级还处于实验阶段。最近,计算机数字图象处理技术的应用已发展到生物学、医学、工业等方面,并已经收到了可喜的成果。但尚未见到应用于木材检测方面的报道。本文初步介绍了用伪彩色技术处理木材缺陷图象的一些实验结果。     

野生稻酯酶等电聚焦电泳分析

 对16个野生稻种(基因组分别为AA、BB、CC、CCDD、BBCC、EE和FF)的酯酶等电聚焦电泳分析表明:普通野生稻组的普通野生稻系和宽叶野生稻系、狭叶野生稻组的酯酶酶谱各有其特定模式,这和传统的稻属分类结果相一致。同种野生稻不同地理分布地收集的样品酯酶酶谱模式基本相同,但有些物种有差异。酯酶酶谱可以作为野生稻分类的依据之一,又能揭示同一野生稻种内细微遗传差异。     

水稻根尖质膜蛋白质组学研究方法的建立

以徐稻3号水稻苗期幼嫩根尖为材料,利用葡聚糖/聚乙二醇两相分配法纯化得到纯度达 90% 的质膜组分,使用优化的双向电泳水化液溶解质膜蛋白,通过等电聚焦/十二烷基磺酸钠 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶双向电泳 （IEF/SDS PAGE）分离和基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱（MALDI TOF/TOF）分析,鉴定了31个水稻质膜相关蛋白。结果表明IEF/SDS PAGE 双向电泳适合分离亲水性相对较高的膜附着蛋白。进一步利用高盐和温和去污剂对纯化的质膜进行洗涤,以降低质膜组分的复杂程度,通过 SDS PAGE 单向电泳分离和液相色谱串联质谱（LC MS/MS）分析,鉴定了 8个质膜蛋白。经洗涤后的质膜组分复杂度显著降低,SDS PAGE 中的蛋白条带只包含1~2 种蛋白,且主要为疏水性较强的穿膜蛋白,说明多种生物化学分离方法及不同质谱分析的综合运用,是解决生物膜蛋白质组学难点的有效途径。     

硒胁迫下彩叶草主要化学组分的FTIR和PXRD分析

为了阐明彩叶草(Coleus blumei Benth.)对硒(Se)胁迫的耐性机理,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)和粉末X射线衍射法(PXRD)研究在不同Se浓度(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0mg/L)处理下彩叶草根、茎、叶化学组分及其结构的变化。结果表明,不同浓度Se处理下彩叶草各器官中化学组分的FTIR峰形基本不变,只有某些参与重金属吸收、转运及其积累的官能团如羟基(3 360~3 906cm-1)、羧基(1 321~1 333cm-1)、酰胺基(1 611~1 646cm-1)、芳烃的C-H基(800~840cm-1)及其C-Cl(618~706cm-1)等的透射峰发生了不同程度的位移。彩叶草各器官中与植物生理有关的化学成分的特征峰大多数随Se浓度变化而变化。说明这些基团与Se的结合密切相关,进一步解释了彩叶草的耐Se及其在各器官积累Se的机理。不同浓度Se处理的彩叶草各器官物相结构主要组分以非晶体物质组分为主且均含有晶体成分,但处理浓度高低影响了其晶体物质组分含量的多少。     

Dietary histidine affects lens protein turnover and synthesis of N-acetylhistidine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) undergoing parr–smolt transformation

This study was conducted to investigate protein synthesis rates and metabolism of histidine (His)‐derivatives in lenses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of different dietary His background during parr–smolt transformation. Two populations of Atlantic salmon parr of equal origin were established in freshwater (FW), 3 months prior to transfer to seawater (SW). The populations were fed either a control diet (CD) containing 8.9 g kg^?1 His or the same diet added crystalline His to a total level of 14.2 g kg^?1 (HD). On the basis of these two populations, ¹⁴C His force‐feeding studies were performed; in FW 3 weeks prior to sea transfer and in SW 6 weeks after transfer. The studies were conducted by force‐feeding the respective diets enriched with ¹⁴C labelled His, with subsequent measurements of incorporation of ¹⁴C His into lens free amino acid pool, as well as into lens proteins and other free His pool fractions. The latter included the major lens imidazole N‐acetylhistidine (NAH). Lens concentrations of His and NAH were clearly influenced by dietary His history, both in parr and smolt. The lens His and NAH concentrations in the CD population were considerably lower in SW than in FW, while in the HD group the His level was equal and the NAH level 50% higher in SW than in FW. Fractional synthesis rate for NAH, K_{S (NAH)}, in FW was 8.2 and 4.2 μmol g^?1 day^?1 for fish in the CD and HD populations, respectively. The corresponding K_{S (NAH)} values in SW were 5.1 and 33.0 μmol g^?1 day^?1. Our data show that free His is rapidly converted to NAH in the lens, and that NAH seems to have a very high turnover, especially in salmon reared in SW. Fractional synthesis rate for lens proteins, K_{S (PROTEIN)}, ranged between 1.8 and 17.3% day^?1 (182 and 2791 μg g^?1 day^?1, respectively), and was generally higher in SW than in FW (P < 0.01). In SW, K_{S (PROTEIN)} was highest in fish in the HD population (P < 0.05), whereas lens protein retention in the HD group was significantly lower than the CD group (P = 0.01). In a second model assuming that His from lens NAH is available for protein synthesis, calculated values of K_{S (PROTEIN)} ranged between 0.17% day^?1 (17.6 μg g^?1 day^?1) and 0.48% day^?1 (70.2 μg g^?1 day^?1). Cataract scores recorded in the His populations at a later point (day 204), showed that the CD fish had significantly higher mean cataract scores than individuals in the HD population (P < 0.01), confirming that low levels of lens His and NAH are associated with cataract development.     

软性接触镜清洗液的研制及其质量定量检测方法的建立

本文报道了0.3％AES清洗液的研制经过。实验测定了其溶解变性蛋白的能力和清除油污的能力,并与其它清洗液进行了比较;观察了其清除模型软镜蛋白(脂质)沉积物的能力;测定了其与软镜的相容性;进行了兔眼刺激性实验和微生物学检查;测定了其各项物理指标并观察了其稳定性。实验证明该清洗液能迅速有效地清除软镜沉积物,性能优越,对镜片和兔眼无损害,符合国家药典规定的眼药水标准。讨论了清洗液诸成分的药理作用及清洗机理,对其效能的定量测定方法作了估计。