千岛湖细鳞鲴和黄尾鲴COI种群遗传结构比较的初步研究

利用线粒体COI基因序列,比较了千岛湖水库共栖的细鳞鲴(Xenocypris microlepis)和黄尾鲴(X.davidi)的遗传资源状况。结果显示,在532 bp的一致序列中,黄尾鲴碱基T、C、A、G平均含量分别为27.3%、18.0%、28.7%、26.0%;细鳞鲴分别为25.2%、19.6%、29.3%、25.9%。黄尾鲴种群的变异位点为5个,细鳞鲴种群变异位点为3个。多样性分析显示,黄尾鲴的遗传多样性高于细鳞鲴。在两个物种中各发现4个单倍型,黄尾鲴4个单倍型中,有3个是共享单倍型,而细鳞鲴中仅1个共享单倍型,黄尾鲴富文和临岐群体之间存在显著的分化(Fst=0.048 09),细鳞鲴汾口群体和富文(Fst=0.238 10)、临岐群体(Fst=0.260 72)之间存在显著的遗传分化。单倍型的NJ树将四个单倍型分为两个支,推测可能是由于二次迁入或者多样性丧失导致。     

氧化乐果对雄性大鼠生殖毒性及作用机制

为评价氧化乐果在体内的亚慢性生殖毒性,以0（CK）、0.44、1.32和3.97mg/(kg•d).连续染毒大鼠6周。结果显示,氧化乐果能引起雄鼠体重下降,睾丸和附睾及脏器系数极显著增加（P ＜0.01）,睾丸组织病理学改变,尤其引起睾丸曲细精管萎缩、变性,各级生精细胞减少,支持细胞数量减少,间质增宽。降低附睾精子数及附睾精子活力(P ＜0.01 ）,精子畸形率显著升高(P ＜0.05 ）; 降低睾丸组织酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的活力,增加γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）活力（P ＜0.01）和睾酮（T）（P ＜0.01）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的含量（P ＜0.05）。结合组织病理、性激素、酶活性及精子质量的变化,表明氧化乐果可对雄性大鼠机体产生明显的毒性作用,也具有雄性生殖毒性,其主要靶器官为睾丸。     

影响猪ICSI转基因技术效率的主要因素研究

以猪体外成熟卵子和冷冻解冻的死精子为材料,以pEGFP-N1为模式基因,探讨注射台温度、激活后6-DMAP的处理和精子与PEGFP-N1孵育液添加BSA(牛血清白蛋白)对精子胞质内注射(ICSI)转基因效率的影响。结果表明:注射台温度为30℃时的阳性率为40.07%,而38.5℃时为20.97%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。添加BSA的囊胚转基因率为55.56%,对照组为33.33%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。6-DMAP处理组与对照组的转基因率分别为52.53%和26.25%,差异极显著(P<0.01);而且6-DMAP处理组的囊胚率(9.96%)显著高于(P<0.05)对照组(2.30%)。研究表明注射台温度对转基因效率有明显影响,温度高转基因率低;精子与PEGFP-N1孵育液添加BSA对转基因胚胎发育有一定促进和保护作用,有利于提高囊胚转基因率;激活后用6-DMAP处理能提高转基因率和囊胚率。     

水稻白叶枯病菌和细菌性条斑病菌在不同培养基上的回收率测定

选用523培养基(523)、营养培养基(NA)和改良胁元培养基(WF—P)对水稻白叶枯病菌(B—3)和条斑病菌(A—1)的回收率测定结果表明,病原菌的回收率范围为12.3%～76.6%,其中A～1的平均回收率较高,达61.5%.B—3的平均回收率很低,仅为26.3%.同一菌株在不同培养基上的回收率亦存在明显差异,A—1在NA上的回收效果最佳,回收率达75.9%.在523和WF—P上较差;WF—P对B—3的回收率亦达46.1%,几乎是523和NA培养基的3倍.WF—P和NA可分别作为检测水稻白叶枯病菌和条斑病菌的基础培养基.     

马铃薯X病毒外壳蛋白基因片段的瞬时表达诱导对PVX的高抗性

为获得抗马铃薯X病毒(PVX)的植株,从疑似感染马铃薯X病毒的马铃薯叶片中提取出PVX cp cDNA,将其保守片段插入到RNAi质粒PHellsgate12中以构建编码发夹结构RNA的载体,通过Agroinfiltration的方法在本氏烟植株中瞬时表达.结果表明:病毒侵染10 d后,15株引入该载体的本氏烟植株对PVX均具有抗性,此载体可用于产生对马铃薯X病毒具有高抗性的转基因植物.     

Bacteriological findings in different fractions of canine ejaculates showing normospermia,teratozoospermia or azoospermia

Objective There is little available information on the distinction between physiological and pathological bacterial flora in dog semen, or in fractions of the canine ejaculate. In order to improve the diagnostic basis, the present study describes the bacteriological findings in canine semen samples. Design and procedure The ejaculates were assigned to three groups: Group A, normospermia (n = 30); Group B, teratozoospermia (n = 33); Group C, azoospermia (n = 29). Results Our data show that irrespective of semen quality, bacterial contamination and stronger bacterial growth is more common in the pre‐sperm fraction than in the other two fractions. The number of bacteria and bacterial species did not vary between the three fractions or the three groups of dogs. Bacteria regarded as potentially pathogenic (β‐haemolytic Streptococci, Escherichia coli variation haemolytica) could be isolated in every group, with β‐haemolytic Streptococci tending to occur more frequently in all ejaculate fractions from dogs with teratozoospermia. Conclusion These data emphasise that the first fraction is more contaminated with bacteria than the second and third fractions which may be due to bacteria ascending from the urethra. The use of a fractionated collection of canine ejaculates seems to be beneficial to reduce or prevent bacterial contaminations.     

波尔山羊种羊在南方亚热带环境条件下的适应性研究

选择福建福州饲养的布尔山羊,对公母羊在不同饲养方式条件下和几年来适应饲养过程中的繁殖性能进行分析。结果 表明半舍饲半放牧的方式是维持和提高布尔山羊繁殖性能最佳方式;四年的适应饲养过程中,种公羊的精液品质基本维持在正常水平,母羊的生产性能也没有变化;表明布尔山羊可适应南方亚热带环境条件,可以进行大规膜饲养推广。     

Clinical and genetic aspects of X-linked ectodermal dysplasia in the dog -- a review including three new spontaneous cases

This review presents the clinical, dermato-histopathological and genetic features of canine X-linked ectodermal dysplasia in previously reported cases and in three new spontaneous cases. The condition is compared with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in humans and, based on current genetic concepts, we suggest that the two conditions are caused by the same gene and, consequently, represent a single pathological entity that affects both humans and dogs.     

Retrospective evaluation of sex hormones and steroid hormone intermediates in dogs with alopecia

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are specific steroid hormone aberrations associated with suspect endocrine alopecias in dogs in whom hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism have been excluded. Steroid hormone panels submitted to the UTCVM endocrinology laboratory over a 7.5-year period (783 samples) from dogs with alopecia were reviewed. During this period, 276 dogs met the criteria for inclusion and were comprised of 54 different breeds. Approximately 73% of dogs had at least one baseline or post-ACTH stimulation steroid hormone intermediate greater than the normal range. The most frequent hormone elevation noted was for progesterone (57.6% of samples). When compared with normal dogs, oestradiol was significantly greater in Keeshond dogs and progesterone was significantly greater in Pomeranian and Siberian Husky dogs. Not all individual dogs had hormone abnormalities. Chow Chow, Samoyed and Malamute dogs had the greatest percentage of normal steroid hormone intermediates of the dogs in this study. Baseline cortisol concentrations were significantly correlated with progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione. Results of this study suggest that the pathomechanism of the alopecia, at least for some breeds, may not relate to steroid hormone intermediates and emphasizes the need for breed specific normals.     

Acute renal failure in dogs after the ingestion of grapes or raisins: a retrospective evaluation of 43 dogs (1992-2002)

A review of records from the AnTox database of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center identified 43 dogs that developed increased blood urea nitrogen concentration, serum creatinine concentration, or both as well as clinical signs after ingesting grapes, raisins, or both. Clinical findings, laboratory findings, histopathological findings, treatments performed, and outcome were evaluated. All dogs vomited, and lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea were other common clinical signs. Decreased urine output, ataxia, or weakness were associated with a negative outcome. High calcium x phosphorus product (Ca x P), hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalcemia were present in 95%, 90%, and 62% of the dogs in which these variables were evaluated. Extremely high initial total calcium concentration, peak total calcium concentration, initial Ca x P, and peak Ca x P were negative prognostic indicators. Proximal renal tubular necrosis was the most consistent finding in dogs for which histopathology was evaluated. Fifty-three percent of the 43 dogs survived, with 15 of these 23 having a complete resolution of clinical signs and azotemia. Although the mechanism of renal injury from grapes and raisins remains unclear, the findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the clinical course of acute renal failure that can occur after ingestion of grapes or raisins in dogs.