小麦抽穗至灌浆期蚜虫防治技术研究

为了系统研究小麦大田麦蚜防治技术,以弱筋小麦扬麦13为材料,调查了抽穗至灌浆期麦蚜与天敌的数量动态,研究了阿维菌素、吡虫啉、毒死蜱和乐果四种农药对麦蚜的防治效果和对天敌的影响以及麦蚜的防治适期.结果表明,天敌量随麦蚜密度的波动而波动,两者关系达极显著水平(r=0.93**);所选四种农药对麦蚜的防治效果均较好,但生物农药阿维菌素和选择性杀虫剂吡虫啉对天敌的杀伤率较低;在抽穗开花期至花后7 d即麦蚜发生初盛期进行一次性施药防治,可获得较好的防治效果;麦田治蚜对灰飞虱有一定兼治作用,但效果不理想.     

Inoculation of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees on M9 Rootstock with Azotobacter Improves Nutrient Uptake and Growth Indices

ABSTRACT

Roots of young ‘Golden Delicious’ apple on M9 rootstock were inoculated with four strains of Azotobacter chroococcum, which were isolated from various soils. Effects of these strains in combination with different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and compost on plant growth and nutrient uptake were studied over two seasons. Therefore, a factorial arrangement included four strains of A. chroococcum, two levels of N-fertilizer (0 and 35 mg N kg^?1soil of ammonium nitrate) and two levels of compost (0 and 12 g kg^?1 soil of air-dried vermicompost). Among the four strains, AFA₁₄₆ was the most beneficial strain, as it increased leaf area, leaf potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) uptake and root N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mn, and Zn. The combination of AFA₁₄₆ strain, compost and N fertilizer increased leaf uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B, and root uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and copper (Cu), and root dry weight.     

图像中成熟苹果果实定位方法研究

针对目前苹果果实图像定位中存在的准确度较低、速度较慢等问题,在分析比较的基础上,对苹果果实定位方法进行了进一步的思考和研究。以3点确定圆算法为中心,配合图像中树枝树叶部分的分割、果实边缘的检测及去除图像的噪声等技术,以使处理速度满足实时要求,并使果实定位结果准确。经测试,本方法对成熟苹果果实具有较好的定位效果。     

‘富士’苹果不套袋与套袋密度对树体光合特性的影响

为进一步探讨不套袋与套袋对苹果品质影响的机理,以8年生‘富士’苹果（‘天红2号’/‘M26’/八棱海棠）为试验材料,共设5个套袋密度处理（不套袋、套袋1/3的果实、套袋1/2的果实、套袋2/3的果实、套袋所有果实）,所用果袋为小林果袋（双层纸袋,内红外棕）,研究不同套袋密度对果实套袋前（6月19日）、套袋后2天（6月21日）、套袋中（8月22日和9月27日）、摘袋后2天（10月9日）和采收后1天（11月3日）苹果叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,套袋不仅降低了苹果树冠层内的光照强度,而且显著降低了叶片的光合速率,而随着套袋密度的增加,苹果树冠层内的净光合速率显著降低,尤其是在8月和9月。5个处理的冠层光强、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和叶片比重的变化与净光合速率的变化基本一致,说明果实套袋导致叶片光合性能下降。套袋苹果光合速率的降低是由气孔导度的降低引起的,这可能与光照强度降低有关;而在9月光合速率的降低还可能与高温弱光,套袋苹果叶片出现非气孔限制有关。     

外源活性氧处理对苹果果皮组织抗氧化特性的影响

以红富士苹果为试材,探讨了不同种类外源活性氧处理对果皮组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及超氧·)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。试验表明:不同种类的外源活性氧(′O2、·OH、H2O2)处理均可不同阴离子(O2-·自程度地提高果皮中SOD活性以及O2-·和MDA含量。其中,以外源·OH对果实的胁迫最为明显,表现为O2-由基以及MDA含量达到最高水平。外源活性氧处理可以用于果实胁迫生理研究以及果实抗氧化能力的诱导。     

10%溴氟菊酯乳油防治甘蓝蚜试验

本文用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油对甘蓝蚜进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。试验结果表明：１０％溴氟菊酯乳油对甘蓝蚜的室内触杀ＬＣ５０为１１．７４２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，而对比药剂２０％甲氰菊酯乳油的ＬＣ５０为２２．１２０８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，可见，１０％溴氟菊酯乳油的触杀作用明显高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油。１０％溴氟菊酯乳油１０００×，２０００×稀释液，药后３天，５天对甘蓝蚜的防效均达到９０％以上，明显高于２０％甲氰菊酯乳油２０００ｘ稀释液８４．１％和８５．１％的防效。因此，建议田间使用１０％溴氟菊酯乳油２０００×稀释液防治甘蓝蚜为宜     

核桃叶提取物对蚜虫的触杀作用

核桃叶提取物对蚜虫具有较强的触杀作用,提取物对蚜虫的击倒作用随浓度增大而增加;处理浓度越高,对蚜虫的击倒中时越短.     

豆蚜种群消长的主成分分析

运用主成分分析法(PCA),分析了室内繁蚜过程中豆蚜种群消长的主要因素。结果表明,影响豆蚜种群消长的主要因素有三类,分属三个主成分。第一主成分的特征根为3.34,是营养属性,对豆蚜种群消长的影响主要在繁蚜后期;第二主成分特征根为3.02,是生长率属性,主要在繁蚜中期起作用;第三主成分特征根为2.25,主要在繁蚜初期起作用。     

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Nutritionally Enriched Jam Made from Blends of Indian Blackberry and Other Fruits

Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a tropical, underutilized fruit which is highly perishable in nature. It is a good source of vitamin C, tannins, gallic acid and anthocyanins and its beneficial effects are mostly due to the presence of bioactive compounds (pigments and phenolic compounds) in it. Due to astringent and fibrous nature, preparation of jam from jamun pulp is quite difficult, but other fruits (apple and kiwifruit) can be incorporated in it to improve its quality. This study aims to develop jam from blends of jamun with other fruits and analyse various physico-chemical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties. It was found that physico-chemical properties of jams were not found to vary greatly, but the jamun–kiwifruit jam was found to have fairly high amount of antioxidants(46.75 ± 0.67%), tartaric acid (26.24 ± 0.02 mg/100g sample), ascorbic acid (0.08 ± 0.01 mg/100 g sample) and lactic acid (23.95 ± 0.01 mg/100g sample) and lowest amount of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (0.38 ± 0.04 mg/100 g sample). Jamun jam and jamun–kiwifruit jam possessed the texture required for jam while jamun–apple jam was found to be a relatively harder gel. Jam made with jamun and kiwifruit pulp was found to have highest acceptability on the basis of sensory evaluation.     

不同采收期对阿克苏富士苹果贮藏品质的影响

以阿克苏红富士苹果为试材,研究了不同采收期对采后果实品质的影响,为苹果选择合理的采收期和保持果实良好的贮藏品质提供依据。结果表明:采收期对苹果呼吸高峰的出现时间影响较小,但对呼吸高峰的峰值影响明显;早期采收的果实硬度较大,但失重率也明显高于其他晚采果实;适宜采收期采收的果实在贮藏期间,其VC、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量变化幅度小。用于鲜食的果实可在10月22左右采收,此时果肉硬度为10.01 kg/cm2,固酸比为29.16,口感酸甜。用于长期贮藏的阿克苏红富士苹果的最佳采收期为11月1日左右,低温贮藏150 d后果实硬度≥8.79 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量≥14.67%。