Effects of contact with wood on blood pressure and subjective evaluation

This study examined the effects of contact with wood on the living human body using a physiological index and subjective evaluation. Consecutive blood pressure measurements were used as the physiological index, and sensory evaluation using the semantic differential (SD) method was used for subjective evaluation. Consideration was also given to cases in which materials were cooled and heated as well as kept at room temperature, to eliminate the effects of heat flux due to differences in thermal conductivity between wood and other materials. It was found that contact with wood produced coarse/natural sensations, with no associated increase in systolic blood pressure. Contact with cold wood created subjectively dangerous/uncomfortable but still coarse/natural sensations, also with no associated increase in blood pressure; therefore, there was no correspondence between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. Contact with aluminum kept at room temperature and cold acrylic plastic created flat/artificial and dangerous/uncomfortable sensations, with an associated significant increase in blood pressure; thus, there was a close correlation between subjective evaluation and physiological responses. It was therefore concluded that contact with wood, unlike artificial materials such as aluminum, induces no physiological stress even when kept at room temperature or cooled. Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Shizuoka, April 1998     

Wood chips and wheat straw as alternative biofilter media for denitrification reactors treating aquaculture and other wastewaters with high nitrate concentrations

This study evaluated wood chips and wheat straw as inexpensive and readily available alternatives to more expensive plastic media for denitrification processes in treating aquaculture wastewaters or other high nitrate waters. Nine 3.8-L laboratory scale reactors (40 cm packed height × 10 cm diameter) were used to compare the performance of wood chips, wheat straw, and Kaldnes plastic media in the removal of nitrate from synthetic aquaculture wastewater. These upflow bioreactors were loaded at a constant flow rate and three influent NO₃–N concentrations of 50, 120, and 200 mg/L each for at least 4 weeks, in sequence. These experiments showed that both wood chips and wheat straw produced comparable denitrification rates to the Kaldnes plastic media. As much as 99% of nitrate was removed from the wastewater of 200 mg NO₃–N/L influent concentration. Pseudo-steady state denitrification rates for 200 mg NO₃–N/L influent concentrations averaged (1360 ± 40) g N/(m³ d) for wood chips, (1360 ± 80) g N/(m³ d) for wheat straw, and (1330 ± 70) g N/(m³ d) for Kaldnes media. These values were not the maximum potential of the reactors as nitrate profiles up through the reactors indicated that nitrate reductions in the lower half of the reactors were more than double the averages for the whole reactor. COD consumption per unit of NO₃–N removed was highest with the Kaldnes media (3.41–3.95) compared to wood chips (3.34–3.64) and wheat straw (3.26–3.46). Effluent ammonia concentrations were near zero while nitrites were around 2.0 mg NO₂–N/L for all reactor types and loading rates. During the denitrification process, alkalinity and pH increased while the oxidation–reduction potential decreased with nitrate removal.

Wood chips and wheat straw lost 16.2% and 37.7% of their masses, respectively, during the 140-day experiment. There were signs of physical degradation that included discoloration and structural transformation. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the media also decreased. Both wood chips and wheat straw can be used as filter media for biological denitrification, but time limitations for the life of both materials must be considered.     

天然林赤松木材材质变异规律的初步研究

用生长轮材质分析方法研究和分析了天然林赤松木材材质的变异规律,得出了管胞长度、管胞宽度,管胞长宽林,生长轮基本密度、生长轮宽度、晚材率,生长率７项材性指标径向变异规律的数学模型。相关性检验多数材性指标均与生长轮有显著相关性。     

生物科学专业本科实验教学改革与实践

在对普通高校生物科学专业实验教学情况进行分析的基础上,提出了实验教学改革的思路,并对实践经验及存在的问题进行了探讨。     

论我国木文化产业化

文化产业化是增强我国软实力,提高我国国际竞争力的重要途径。笔者在分析了我国丰富的木文化资源及我国发展木文化产业重要意义的基础上,提出了在我国发展木文化产业的措施。     

河北省农业科技创新效率评价研究 ——以农业科研机构为例

农业科技创新是农业发展的关键,农业科研机构作为科技创新主体之一,对科技创新产生重要影响.文章基于DEA-Malmquist方法,采用2011—2018年全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)农业科研机构科技投入与产出面板数据,首先对河北省农业科研机构科技创新效率进行分析,其次对河北省与全国其他省份农业科研机构科技创新全要素生产...     

应用Visual Basic 6.0开发木材标本管理系统

应用Visual basic 6.0语言开发了安徽农业大学木材标本馆标本管理系统,系统设有检索、输入、统计、打印、维护等功能模块.本系统适当调整后也适用于林业系统的树木学、植物、动物、昆虫等标本的管理.     

计算机犬病诊断原理

本研究模拟人类专家的诊断过程,对常见犬病用计算机进行诊断模拟,试验建立了犬病诊断的计算机处理系统(QBZD)。本文主要阐述了QBZD系统的结构构成、诊断机理及操作应用     

Testing and evaluation of natural durability of wood in above ground conditions in Europe – an overview

Natural durability of wood is determined by the European standard EN 252 for specimens in ground contact and EN 113 for basidiomycetes in the laboratory, but no test exists for above ground conditions. For above ground conditions, the European prestandard ENV 12037 and EN 330 are used to determine the durability of treated wood. The most important factors for fungal establishment on the surface and within wood are the moisture content, the surrounding temperature, and the relative humidity. Strength tests are the most sensitive for decay detection, but neither strength tests nor identification of fungi responsible for the decay are included in the standards of above ground durability in field tests. To detect decay, visual examination, pick or splinter tests, and mass loss determination are used. Identifying fungi with traditional methods, e.g., growth on solid medium, is time consuming and complicated. Molecular methods like polymerase chain reaction and sequencing do not require mycological skill for identification to species level, and furthermore the methods do not depend on the subjective judgement like most traditional methods, but are based on the objective information of the target organism (e.g., nucleotide sequences). The next generation of standard field tests will probably consider the drawbacks of standard tests today and be rapid and include both quality tests like molecular identification and nondestructive quantitative tests, e.g., acoustic tests. Laboratory tests can be improved by using fungi identified from field trials and by combining different fungi in the same test and thus simulate degradation in practice.     

管理学基本原理在农用地分等工作中的应用

农用地分等是根据农用地自然属性、社会属性及其在经济活动中的地位和作用, 综合评定农用地的质量差异并划分等别的工作.广东省揭东县农用地分等的工作量较大,所涉及到的政府工作部门较多,应用管理学基本原理的思想来指导农用地分等工作,可以加快工作进程,提高工作效率,并为其它土地管理工作的开展提供有益的思路.