Molecular genetic strategies for species identification

This paper probes into the molecular genetic mechanism of the formation of species, subspecies and variety in evolving progression, and brings forward 5 criteria of an ideal strategy in species identification: stating the specific characteristics at species, subspecies and variety level without any interference of too high polymorphism at individual or population level; keys should be distributed as 0 or 1, e. g. yes or no; satisfying repeatability and simple operation; high veracity and reliability; adaptability to widely various specimen. Respectively, this paper reviews two strategies focusing on detecting the fragment length polymorphism and base replacement and lays out some detail methods under above strategies. It demonstrates that it is not possible to solve all species problems by pursuing identification with only a single gene or DNA fragment. Only based on thorough consideration of all strategies, a method or combined several methods could bring satisfying reliability. For advanced focuses, it requires not only development and optimization of methods under above strategies, but also new originality of creative strategies.     

Chemical modification of wood by anhydrides without solvents or catalysts

Acetylated, propionylated, butyrylated, isobutyrylated, and hexanoylated woods were prepared at several temperatures. The reaction rate, dimensional stability, and changes in the ratios of specific gravity and dimensions in the tangential and radial directions were estimated. The reaction rate of propionylation was slow at temperatures under 90°C but increased with the temperature. The butyrylated, isobutyrylated, and hexanoylated woods showed little or no weight percent gain (WPG) and little or no antiswelling efficiency (ASE) below 110°C even for 24h, but they achieved significant WPG and ASE values at 140°C with a longer reaction time. The acetylated, propionylated, and butyrylated woods showed almost the same values for dimensional stabilization efficiency based on WPG (DSE). The specific gravity and dimensions ratios for acetylated, propionylated, and butyrylated woods compared to those of untreated wood increased with an increase in WPG.     

Polyelectrolyte titration of whisky

Polyelectrolyte titration using a fluorescent indicator was applied to determine the electrolytic charges in 10 whiskies at various pH levels. Tannic acid was also titrated to compare the relation between pH and charge because the polyelectrolytes in whisky were postulated to be polyphenols, mainly tannic acid, which are gradually extracted from a wood cask over the years. Below pH 7, the pH-charge curves for whisky were analogous to those for tannic acid, indicating that carboxyl groups in tannic acid were fairly stable on maturation of the whisky. The charge of the tannic acid increased with increasing pH, whereas that of whisky had a tendency to level off. The degree of leveling off was higher for whiskies with longer maturation. These phenomena are believed to be due to the oxidation of pyrogallol and catechol moieties in tannic acid, which occurs during storage of the whisky. There was a clear tendency for the whiskies with higher prices to have higher charges, that is, a higher tannic acid content.     

Cell wall thickness and tangential Young's modulus in coniferous early wood

To investigate the effect of wall thickening around cell corners on the tangential Young's modulus of coniferous early wood, tapered beam cell models in which the variation of the cell wall thickness in the axial direction was taken into account were constructed for seven species. Their tangential Young's moduli were compared with the experimental results. The calculated Young's moduli of tapered beam cell models were larger than those of the models composed of the cell walls with uniform thickness, although both models showed almost the same density. For some species the calculated Young's moduli of the models in which the cell wall thickness increased curvilinearly in the axial direction were much closer to the experimental values. The reduction of the radial cell wall deflection due to the increase of the stiffness around cell corners was considered to increase the tangential Young's modulus of a wood cell.This report was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

基于期刊论文产出科学计量分析

以正式发表的学术期刊论文为对象,采用分类指标和计量指标,对水土保持研究所50年(1956￣2005年)来的学术论文进行统计分析,揭示了研究所的学科结构特点及变化过程,提出了与之相应的对策与建议,为科研机构学科建设及布局调整提供决策参考。     

污泥农用资源化研究现状

污泥中富含N,P,K及有机质,是天然的有机肥料。因此,污泥的农用是污泥处置的最佳途径。污泥农用的主要途径有农田施用、林地施用、研制复合肥以及作为土壤改良剂。为此,结合实例阐述了我国污泥农用资源化处置现状及未来发展趋势,并指出了污泥农用的发展方向。     

农业装备的现状及发展趋势

我国是一个农业大国,农业是国民经济的基础,农业现代化的主要标志是农业机械化装备程度和机械化水平的高低。为此,通过对国外农业装备发展趋势和我国农业装备现状的分析,指出目前我国农业装备水平与国外的差距,提出应发展适合我国农业生产特点的农业装备,不断提高农业装备中的科技含量,紧跟国际新技术的发展步伐。     

增强天津农业科技自主创新能力的思考与建议

文章通过对天津市农业科技自主创新现状分析,指出存在农业科技创新管理体制不顺、创新基础薄弱、学科结构与产业发展不适应、企业作为自主创新主体还不成熟等问题,并据此提出深化管理体制改革、优化学科结构、建立产学研联盟机制等若干建议。     

纳米技术在农业工程中的应用

分析了纳米技术在环境保护、种植业、食品工业、畜牧养殖业等领域的应用现状,指出了将纳米技术应用于我国农业工程领域的切入点。研究发现,应用领域主要集中在对传统材料的超微化、新型功能材料的跨学科应用、本学科与纳米技术的结合;纳米技术适合我国农业工程的发展,具有广阔的应用前景。