微灌毛管进口流量调节器应用的经济性分析

通过对一个滴灌系统安装与不安装毛管流量调节器的4个方案进行的实例设计,综合分析了各方案的工程造价和运行能耗,探讨了流量调节器应用的经济可行性,提出了流量调节器经济性分析与评价的方法,结果表明,微灌工程中,毛管流量调节器的成本对工程造价影响不明显,而允许工作水头下限值对工程能耗影响显著,如果所选毛管流量调节器的允许工作水头下限值大于其经济阈值,则使用流量调节器是不经济的,毛管流量调节器的型号、规格和工作参数的选择与使用,可参照列举的方法进行技术和经济性分析后确定．     

汽车风噪声产生机理研究

阐述了车辆风噪声的重要性,并对风噪声进行了分类和总结,对各项风噪声的产生机理进行了分析和探讨,找出了风噪声的主要来源,为细化汽车设计和试验分析提供了重要的理论基础。     

北京市农业用水问题及对策研究

北京市为资源型重度缺水地区,水资源的需求量随着经济发展和人口的增长而骤增,供需矛盾日益加剧.农业用水是用水大户,接近全市用水的40%.水资源紧缺导致北京农业水资源严重不足,而农业用水浪费现象还普遍存在,节水农业是解决北京水资源问题的重要途径之一.概述了北京地区的农业水资源的现状,阐述了北京农业用水特点,分析了农业用水中存在的主要问题,从优化种植结构、雨洪利用、农艺节水、工程节水以及管理节水等方面提出了农业节水的对策措施和建议.     

玉米秸秆反季栽培双孢蘑菇技术

以玉米秸秆为原料,利用北方日光温室进行反季栽培双孢蘑菇技术试验。试验结果表明,采用夏季发酵培养料、秋季播种、秋冬季节出菇的反季栽培双孢蘑菇技术模式,与北方气候条件基本吻合,再利用日光温室进行出菇,可减少能源消耗。在日光温室条件下用玉米秸秆作主料栽培双孢蘑菇,每平方米产双孢蘑菇10～15kg,可提高菇农的种植效益。栽培后产生的废料还可肥田和改良土壤理化性状,使生物转化率达40%以上。     

Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) of cotton and wheat

Development of crop coefficient (Kc), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo), can enhance ETc estimates in relation to specific crop phenological development. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at the Texas AgriLife Research field at Uvalde, TX, USA from 2005 to 2008. Weighing lysimeters were used to measure crop water use and local weather data were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Seven lysimeters, weighing about 14 Mg, consisted of undisturbed 1.5 m × 2.0 m × 2.2 m deep soil monoliths. Six lysimeters were located in the center of a 1-ha field beneath a linear-move sprinkler system equipped with low energy precision application (LEPA) and a seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass ETo. Crop water requirements, Kc determination, and comparison to existing FAO Kc values were determined over a 2-year period on cotton and a 3-year period on wheat. Seasonal total amounts of crop water use ranged from 689 to 830 mm for cotton and from 483 to 505 mm for wheat. The Kc values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.5 for cotton and 0.1 to 1.7 for wheat. Some of the values corresponded and some did not correspond to those from FAO-56 and from the Texas High Plains and elsewhere in other states. We assume that the development of regionally based and growth-stage-specific Kc helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for this region.     

生物质能产业化前景分析

发展农业生物质能产业,对缓解化石能源供应紧张局面、优化能源结构、保障国家能源安全、建立稳定的能源供应体系具有重大意义。介绍生物质能的特点,阐述我国生物质能的利用现状,分析生物质能发展前景及其产业化制约因素．提出生物质资源开发要结合农业产业结构调整来布置产应业区域,尽快完善产业链条,集中力量解决产业化过程中的关键问题,加快我国生物质能产业化进程。     

电动汽车制动能量回收系统研究

为进一步提高电动汽车的能量利用效率以改善其续驶里程,开发了一套电动汽车制动能量回收系统。系统结构简单,可靠性高,并具有机械制动备份功能。同时,考虑到电动汽车电动机和电池性能参数,开发了高效的再生制动控制策略,算法具有较强的移植性。采用硬件在环的方式对系统的控制效果和制动能量回收效率进行了仿真测试。结果表明,再生制动力和摩擦制动力可以很好地协调运作,同时有效地回收制动能量。最后,在燃料电池汽车上进行转鼓实验,很好地完成了Japan-1015循环工况,能量回收效率高达59.15%。     

关于加快甘蔗源头创新、保障国家食糖安全的建议

甘蔗是最重要的糖料作物之一,而食糖是关乎国计民生的重要农产品。为加快蔗糖产业的高质量发展,通过分析当前甘蔗产业发展的现状,从品种选育、土壤改良、高效栽培和产业政策等方面提出了4项建议。（1）加强甘蔗种质资源收集、评价和利用,选育高产、高糖、抗病、宿根年限长和适宜机收的突破性品种;（2）加强蔗区深度宜机化改造、提高蔗区耕地质量;（3）加强甘蔗产业提质增效整装技术的研发、集成创新与示范推广;（4）加强蔗糖产业的保护、扶持及相关政策支持。本研究将为促进糖料产业生产发展的高质量发展、保障国家食糖安全提供参考。     

Establishment of a crop evapotranspiration calculation model and its validation

In order to contribute knowledge on the method used to calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration, soil, crop, atmosphere, and water spatial structure were integrated into a complete system. Based on the energy balance equation and aerodynamic equation, the meteorological data was reduced and the crop physiological parameter was increased, then the crop evapotranspiration calculation model under natural conditions was derived. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model was verified by the water balance formula using data generated from corn, potato, and flue-cured tobacco grown under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that: from 2017 to 2019, the average root mean square error for measured and calculated evapotranspiration of corn, potato, and flue-cured tobacco at different growth times were 0.5948, 0.4753, and 0.3326, respectively, the mean deviation, mean absolute error, and mean relative error were small, and the coefficient of determination and consistency index were both greater than 0.9100. The measured and calculated crop evapotranspiration of the selected crops increased at first and then decreased gradually as the crops matured, and finally decreased to harvest evapotranspiration, showing a parabolic trend. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model not only reflects the actual evapotranspiration of crops at different growth time but also reflects the change law of actual crop evapotranspiration. The model does not need the correction of soil moisture content, irrigation method, and crop coefficient and can directly calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration. It has the characteristics of consistency between the calculated value and the measured value, strong applicability, simple calculation process, and high accuracy and has the best effect on monitoring soil moisture and crop water shortage sensitivity. The model is significance in that it guides for monitoring soil moisture, determining actual crop evapotranspiration, crop water shortage index, and high yield and efficiency under water-saving conditions.     

引进前苏联陆地棉种质资源主要农艺及经济性状鉴定研究

针对国内棉花生产发展的需要,在石家庄地区自然条件下,我们对引进前苏联的１２９份和国内的７２份陆地棉种质资源的农艺性状、产量及产量因子和纤维品质等性状进行了系统的同步鉴定研究,结果表明：引进材料同国内材料相比,生育期相差不大,引进材料具有株高较矮、果枝节位较低,铃重较高,纤维较整齐,强度高,细度好的特点,而且,在果枝数、叶枝数、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分、子指、纤维整齐度、纤维伸长率等性状的变异潜力和变化幅度均大于国内种质资源。通过系统同步鉴定,筛选出早熟、矮秆、高衣分、高子指、长纤维、高强度和细度好等不同特性的优异材料４４份,改善了我国棉花种质资源缺乏的现状。