Genetic diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wild boars

We here report the occurrence of S. aureus in wild boars and characterize isolates genotypically and phenotypically in order to get knowledge about the occurrence of clonal lineages and genotypes in free-living wild animals. Forty-one S. aureus isolates obtained from 111 wild boars hunted in Lower Saxony, Germany, were investigated and compared to human and livestock isolates. The S. aureus belonged to multilocus sequence types ST1, ST7, ST30, ST133, ST425, ST804, ST890 and to the new ST3237, ST3238, ST3255 and ST3369. The livestock associated CC398-MRSA lineage, however, was not found. In addition to well-known spa types, the new types t14999, t15000, t15001 and t15002 were detected. Macrorestriction analysis revealed a variety of different SmaI fragment patterns. Most isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, including methicillin, and resistance was detected only to ampicillin, penicillin and erythromycin. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (seh) in all t127-ST1 isolates. A high degree of genetic diversity was detected with many spa types and clonal lineages previously reported in humans and livestock animals.     

Wild Bonelli’s eagles (Aquila fasciata) as carrier of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter in Eastern Spain

Wild birds have repeatedly been found to be involved in the dissemination of enteric bacterial pathogens in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Campylobacter as well as the antimicrobial resistance in wild Bonelli’s eagles nestlings in Eastern Spain. In addition, we compared the efficiency of two sampling methods (fresh faecal samples from nest and cloacal swabs from nestlings) for detection of both bacteria. A total of 28 nests with 45 nestlings were analysed. In the nest, Salmonella occurrence was 61 ± 9.2%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 ± 5.8% (p < 0.05). In the nestlings, Salmonella occurrence was 36 ± 7.1%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 ± 4.7% (p < 0.05). Eight Salmonella serovars were identified, and the most frequently isolated were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Houston, and S. Cerro. Only one Campylobacter species was identified (C. jejuni). Regarding antimicrobial resistance, the Salmonella strains isolated were found to be most frequently resistant to ampicillin and to tigecycline; however, the sole Campylobacter strain recovered was multidrug resistant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that wild Bonelli’s eagles nestlings are greater carriers of Salmonella than of Campylobacter. Both Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance. In addition, faecal samples from nests were most reliable for Salmonella detection, while cloacal swab from nestlings were most reliable for Campylobacter detection.     

中国葡萄野生种对葡萄根癌病的抗性

通过田间接种鉴定，系统研究了中国葡萄属１３个种和变种的２６个株系对葡萄根癌病的抗性，筛选出高抗株系１０个。其中燕山葡萄（♀）因扦插容易生根，可用自根苗作为抗葡萄根癌病砧木进行嫁接试验，其余可用作抗葡萄根癌病的育种资源     

不同类型园林植物对环境因子的影响

通过在晴天和阴天2组对比试验,研究了木槿、栾树与杨树3种不同植物群落对环境中空气温度、空气湿度、光照强度、地温4个因子的影响作用.结果表明:在阴天类型中,3种植物群落均能有效地降低气温、地温与光照强度,从而提高空气湿度,且调节效果为:杨树＞栾树＞木槿;在晴天类型中,栾树与杨树群落的调节效果与阴天相似,其中杨树的调节效果大于栾树.此外,每种植物群落在晴天时对环境因子的调节效果大于阴天时的调节效果.     

园林喷灌工程的施工方法研究

对园林喷灌施工技术的强化,是保护绿地康健进步的有效途径和关键措施,同时,是促进我国资源节约形社会建设的客观要求,在实践的过程中,遵守喷灌技术是设计方的基本原则,为我国高速发展的园林绿地建设服务。     

南京园林植物根际土壤垫刃科线虫种类调查

为了查明南京园林植物根际寄生线虫种类及其分布情况,为有效防治线虫病害提供科学依据,2009年10月-2010年7月,笔者对南京栖霞区、江宁区、浦口区苗圃地的40种园林植物根际寄生线虫进行初步调查,根据形态特征和测量值鉴定出垫刃科线虫3个种,分别是普通丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus vulgaris)、香港丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus hongkongensis)和莫氏野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus muktii)。其中,香港丝尾垫刃线虫和莫氏野外垫刃线虫为江苏省新记录种。     

沼肥在园林植物种植中不同施用模式的研究

为了解决沼肥在园林植物种植中的清洁、高效施用问题,本研究以园林植物菊花和果桑为试验材料,采用盆栽试验分别从沼液净化处理、沼液最佳喷施和园林生土熟化3个方面进行了研究。试验结果表明：（1）确定孔径3 cm且过滤堆置厚度50 cm的核桃壳为沼液净化最佳处理。（2）菊花喷施60%的浓度沼液间隔6天,果桑喷施60%的浓度沼液间隔10天为最佳喷施处理。（3）每1 t园林生土中底施66.7 L沼肥（沼液+沼渣）,定植后每隔5天喷施33.3 L沼液（浓度为60%）,经50天后即可使生土熟化,供栽植园林植物所需。     

湛江南国热带花园植物群落调查

为了构建稳定合理的植物群落,更好地发挥城市公园植物群落的生态功能,采用样方法对湛江南国热带花园的植物群落进行调查。结果表明,湛江南国热带花园主要植物以热带及亚热带植物为主,地域特色明显,植物群落的类型较丰富。物种重要值总趋势表现为：乔木层<灌木层<草本层。物种多样性指数表明,Pielou均匀度指数集中于0.6~0.8之间,Shannon-Wiener指数集中于1.7~2.3。调查表明,湛江南国热带花园植物群落物种多样性丰富,但形成更稳定合理的植物群落仍需要引进新的植物种类及良好的养护管理。     

曲靖主要野生食用菌的分布

跟据曲靖的生态环境状况及主要野生食用菌的品质与功效，对曲靖主要野生食用菌的分布、产量、价值以及生长环境特点、产地的生态环境进行调查阐述，提出曲靖主要野生食用菌生态系统与生态环境的保护措施。