固原地区市售新鲜蔬菜寄生虫虫卵污染情况调查

目的：了解固原地区市售新鲜蔬菜寄生虫卵污染情况。方法：随机抽样分布于固原地区（黑城、彭阳、海原、红河、李寨）5个村镇菜市场的蔬菜,每个菜市场采购10种蔬菜（以凉拌蔬菜为主）各500 g,每种10份,共计500份,随意分发到当地农家,农家主妇第1次洗涤,笔者第2次洗涤,收集洗菜水各500 mL,分别标记。取沉淀物,用饱和盐水浮聚法制片,显微镜下观察,不论虫种检出一个虫卵或幼虫判为阳性,数据经统计学分析。结果：检查10种蔬菜,发现10种有蛔虫卵,9种有蛲虫卵,6种有钩虫卵,4种有绦虫卵,2种有鞭虫卵。500份标本中,2次洗涤后都检出了寄生虫卵（P〈0.05）,第1次洗涤检出率为23.82%,甘蓝最高,为32.86%,辣椒最低,为14.29%;第2次洗涤检出率为10.04%。还是甘蓝最高,为15.71%,西红柿最低,为5.71%。菜洗的次数越多,虫卵的种类越少,数量也越少。结论：固原市市售蔬菜寄生虫卵总体检出率较高,居民生吃蔬菜有感染寄生虫的机会,应注意提高防病意识。     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％,５．５７％,５．５１％;６月龄时分别提高９．５６％,１１．４６％,３．５９％;１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％,１７．５５％,７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens in lymph nodes of slaughtered swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens were investigated in 258 swine lymph nodes (129 with and 129 without apparent lesions), and 120 lymph nodes (60 with and 60 without lesions) from wild boars (Sus scrofa). A total of lymph nodes from swine and wild boars were collected of different animals. Submaxillar and mesenteric lymph nodes were submitted to microbiological examination and colonies suggestive of Mycobacterium spp. (alcohol-acid bacilli) were submitted to PCR Restriction Assay (PRA). In swine with lymphadenitis, Mycobacterium spp. (24.1%) and Rhodococcus equi (13.2%) were the most prevalent microorganisms, while in lymph nodes without lesions were identified a complex of microorganisms, including of environmental mycobacteria. In wild boars with lymphadenitis, ß-haemolytic Streptococcus (10.0%), Mycobacterium spp (8.4%) and R. equi (6.6%) were the most frequent. Among mycobacterias were identified predominantly Mycobacterium avium subspecies type 1 (48.3%) and M. avium subspecies type 2 (16.1%), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium szulgai,Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum and Mycobacterium intracellulare type 2.     

一种从藤粉蝶分离的微孢子虫的生物学特性和分子系统发育研究

从广州市萝岗桑园周边捕捉到的野外昆虫藤粉蝶(Delias pasithoe)成虫体内分离到1株微孢子虫,经人工接种可在家蚕体内全身性寄生。用透射电子显微镜观察到该微孢子虫为双核,极丝11～12圈,极丝同型,基本符合Nosema属微孢子虫超微结构特征。该微孢子虫在其生活史发育过程中以偶倍数核为主,以二分裂方式增殖,形成双核孢子,发育周期为108 h。基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS序列的相似性比较和系统进化分析进一步证实该微孢子虫与Nosema属亲缘关系最近,应被分类为Nosema属‘true’Nosema亚群。     

First serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in wild birds in Northern Algeria

While the epidemiology of Flaviviruses has been extensively studied in most of the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current situation in Algeria. In order to detect the circulation of West Nile (WNV) and Usutu viruses (USUV) in Kabylia, 165 sera were collected from two wild birds species, namely the long distance migrant Turdus philomelos (song thrush) (n = 92) and the resident Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (n = 73). A total of 154 sera were first analyzed by commercial competition ELISA. WNV and USUV micro-neutralization tests were performed on all c-ELISA positive sera and all samples with poor volume. Overall, 7.8 % (CI95 %: 3.5–11.9) were positive by c-ELISA. Positive results were detected in 12.5 % (CI95 %:5.6–19.4) of song thrushes and 1.5 % (CI95 %: 0.0–4.5) for sparrow.Micro-neutralization tests revealed an overall seroprevalence of 6.7 % for WNV (CI95 %: 2.9–10.3), Neutralizing antibodies were found in 8.7 % (CI95 %: 3.0–14.4) for song thrushes and in 4.1 % (CI95 %: 0.0–8.7) of sparrows. The current study demonstrates significant seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in wild birds in Algeria.     

贵州亚热带地区的野生香花类观赏植物资源

贵州亚热带地区有野生香花类观赏植物23科39属（1亚属）70种（含新分布种和变种）。分布垂直带谱为海拔160－1000m。花色分为白色、黄色、紫色、黄绿色和红色5类。生境类型分为森林湿地型、疏林灌丛型、山坡草地型和附生型，以森林湿地型和疏林灌丛型的种类居多。银钟花、大叶木莲、尖叶木、云川醉鱼草、紫萼、香槐、两粤黄檀、单性木兰、苍白秤钩风和扭肚藤处于濒危状态。     

4种禾本科牧草苗期抗寒性综合评价

为了探究西藏野生禾本科牧草对低温胁迫的适应性,本研究以西藏野生垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb）、赖草（Leymus secalinus Tzvel）、紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）和栽培品种黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为试验材料,比较分析其幼苗在—10℃～5℃低温条件下叶片丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、可溶性糖（Soluble sugar,SS）含量、游离脯氨酸（Free proline,Pro）含量、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性的变化。结果表明：随着低温胁迫的加剧,所有供试材料叶片MDA含量呈上升趋势,SS含量、Pro含量、POD活性和SOD活性呈先升高后降低趋势,其中黑麦草Pro含量在0℃达到峰值,其他3种指标在—5℃达到峰值,3种野生禾草的各指标均在—5℃达到峰值。采用隶属函数法对各材料进行综合评价并分级,结果表明垂穗披碱草和紫花针茅抗寒性最强,划分为Ⅰ级,赖草抗寒性中等,划分为Ⅱ级,黑麦草抗寒性最弱,划分为Ⅲ级。     

青海野生鸟类禽流感监测防控亟待关注解决的问题

近年来,青藏高原迁徙的野生鸟类不断发生高致病禽流感疫病,给生态安全和人们的健康带来了极大的威胁。如何面对和做好野生鸟类的疫源疫病监测与防控,本文通过青海省发生和开展的防控工作情况,就面临和亟待解决的问题,提出对策建议。     

59份野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量及粗提物对α-糖苷酶的抑制活性

对来自云南省不同地区的59份野生桑桑叶中的1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量,以及桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶的体外抑制活性进行了测定,同时采用液-质联用(LC-MS)仪分离纯化桑叶粗提物中的DNJ,并对其抑制蔗糖酶的机制进行了初步研究,期望筛选出适用于治疗糖尿病药物开发的药用桑资源,以及为解析桑叶粗提物和纯化的桑叶DNJ抑制α-糖苷酶活性的机制提供线索。研究结果表明:不同来源的野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量存在明显差异,其中来自开远地区的岩桑桑叶中DNJ的质量分数高达0.791 1%,是具有药用开发价值的野生桑资源;不同来源的野生桑桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活力的体外抑制率差异显著,但抑制活性的大小与样品中的DNJ含量不成正比,推测桑叶中除含有DNJ外还含有具有明显的α-糖苷酶抑制活性的多种DNJ类似物;从野生桑桑叶粗提物中分离纯化的DNJ对淀粉酶无明显抑制活性,但对蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶有显著的抑制活性,对蔗糖酶表现为非竞争性抑制作用。     

果菜类蔬菜早熟性育种研究进展

早熟性是蔬菜作物育种的重要指标,对农业增产和农民增收意义重大。本文对果菜类蔬菜早熟性评价指标,早熟性相关农艺性状和早熟性育种方法三个方面的研究进展进行综述,并对基因工程辅助早熟育种进行了展望。