象头山野生果树资源调查

分析了象头山野生果树资源的特点、经济价值和利用现状,并对有重大开发价值的野生果树进行了详细的考察和描述,提出了相关的保护和开发利用方面的建议。     

南充地区野生荩草种质资源形态多样性研究

对南充地区不同海拔、不同坡度、不同生境等15份野生荩草材料进行调查,研究其生境特点及外部形态变异规律,结果表明:南充地区荩草野生资源丰富,在田边、路旁、地埂、山坡草地阴湿处至海拔1 000 m均有分布,能适应不同的土壤类型;不同高度、坡度外部形态变异甚大,自然高度的变异系数达49.58%,叶长、宽,茎直径、节间长,拉直高度变异系数均大于30%,叶色为深绿、黄绿、紫红3种;南充地区野生荩草分为粗壮低矮型、高大直立型、纤细低矮型3大形态类型。     

野生稻种质在高大韧稻选育中的应用与展望

[目的]概述野生稻种质在水稻育种上的应用。[方法]在提出高大韧稻的育种理论和发展阶段的基础上,回顾了野生稻种质资源在水稻育种上的应用,重点阐述了1980~1997年高大韧课题组直接利用优异野生稻种质进行高大韧稻育种的主要研究成果。[结果]利用野生稻选育高大韧稻,首次成功向恢复系大规模地导入野生稻细胞核基因,获得野栽型强优恢复系。共获得测25、测253、测781、测258、测1012等5个优良恢复系,育成17个杂交水稻新组合,其中博优253为国家审定品种。将野生稻细胞核基因通过远缘杂交引入恢复系,拓宽恢复系遗传背景。选育遗传背景特异的优良恢复系是新恢复系选育的有效途径。[结论]高大韧稻育种是今后水稻育种的重要方向。     

Blood-feeding patterns of horse flies in the French Pyrenees

Horse flies can mechanically transmit Besnoitia besnoiti, the agent of bovine besnoitiosis. Although previously limited to enzootic areas, especially the French Pyrenees Mountains, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered a re-emerging disease in western Europe. To improve understanding of the role of horse flies as mechanical vectors, this study investigated their blood-feeding ecology in the eastern French Pyrenees, in two high-altitude summer pastures whose main domestic ungulates were cattle, and in a wildlife park with native fauna. Species-specific PCR assays were conducted to identify the sources of blood meals: wild boar, horse, cattle (or bison), sheep (or mouflon), goat, red deer, roe deer and izard (or Pyrenean chamois). In La Mouline pasture, tabanids (N = 20) fed on red deer (70%) and cattle (30%). In Mantet pasture, tabanids (N = 24) fed on cattle (52%), red deer (20%), wild boar (16%), horse (8%) and sheep (4%). In the wildlife park, Tabanus bromius (N = 32), the most abundant species collected, fed on red deer (85%), bison (9%) and wild boar (6%). Despite relatively high densities in both the pastures and in the wildlife park, small wild ungulates (izard, mouflon and roe deer) were not detected as a source of blood meals. Only two mixed blood meals were identified in two specimens of T. bromius: cattle/horse for the specimen collected in the pastures, and bison/wild boar for the specimen collected in the wildlife park. Our findings showed that tabanids display a level of opportunistic feeding behaviour, in addition to a preference for red deer, the latter being particularly true for Philipomyia aprica, the most abundant species collected in the pastures.     

Differences in natural antibody titres comparing free-ranging guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

Natural antibodies are an important component of innate humoral immunity but have not been investigated to any great extent in wild mammals. In the current study, serum natural antibody titres were measured by hemagglutination assay for two South American herbivores, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Results indicated that capybaras had antibody titres on average more than four times higher than guanacos (median titres 1:256 and 1:4, respectively), suggesting differences in investment in constitutive humoral immunity between the two species.     

A walk on the wild side: Perceptions of roadside vegetation beyond trees

Urban nature is of vital importance for human well-being in an increasingly urbanized world. Despite the wide variety of urban greenspaces, previous research has mostly focussed on parks and in particular presence of trees. Although streets are fundamental urban structures and offer an array of green elements beyond trees, the perception and valuation of other kinds of roadside vegetation by urban residents is understudied so far. This study explores the range of roadside vegetation and associated ecosystem services perceived by city dwellers in densely populated inner city districts of two German cities. Further, we explored how wild-grown roadside vegetation is valued by interviewees. Results confirmed the important role of trees but also demonstrated that city dwellers perceive a variety of cultivated and “wild” green components other than trees. Respondents attached a wide range of meanings and values to roadside greenery and showed a surprisingly high awareness of associated ecosystem services. Wild urban roadside vegetation met with high approval, although planted and maintained vegetation was preferred. Our study illustrated that trees and other elements of roadside vegetation fulfil important functions in the view of the public. For many respondents, ecological and economical functions of roadside vegetation were more important than orderliness. This indicates opportunities for enhancing the biodiversity of urban streetscapes. As public green spaces are in short supply in many cities, enhancing cultivated and wild roadside vegetation could help to deliver ecosystem services in the areas near where people move and live.     

山东木质藤本植物区系分析

山东省野生木质藤本植物共有63种(包括变种和亚种),隶属于27属21科。区系成分分析表明其基本特点是:全为被子植物,双子叶植物科属种最多;小型科属较多,而大型科属较少;各类温带成分占54.2%,而热带成分占33.3%,表明本区系为暖温带性质;特有现象不明显。     

3种肥料处理对盆栽野生蕙兰生长的影响

以蛭石为盆栽基质,研究了施用3种肥料(鸡粪、复合肥、尿素)对盆栽野生蕙兰生长的影响。试验结果表明:施用3种肥料均能促进野生蕙兰叶片的伸长生长和表面积增加,抑制叶片的死亡,其中鸡粪的效果最佳;尿素有利于蕙兰新叶的增殖;复合肥能有效促进蕙兰叶片中叶绿素的积累。     

野生观赏植物资源在旅游产业中的应用--以河南太行山区为例

和常见城市园林植物相比,太行山旅游景区野生观赏植物形态独特、花繁色艳、养护成本低廉、观赏季节性明显。野生观赏植物应用原则为因地制宜、充分发挥资源优势。野生观赏植物应用方式为观赏利用与科普教育及植物文化建设相结合。     

安徽省旌德县野生金荞麦资源调查研究

介绍了安徽省旌德县境内野生金荞麦分布、生存的生态环境和生长状况,对野生金荞麦资源破坏的原因进行分析,提出了保护野生金荞麦资源的合理化建议.