菇渣发酵有机肥在小白菜上的应用试验

利用食用菌栽培后的菇渣为材料,经堆制发酵后制成有机肥进行小白菜小区试验。结果表明,菇渣有机肥有助于改善小白菜的生物学性状,促进小白菜生长,增施菇渣有机肥可使小白菜增产11.2%,叶绿素含量提高9.3%,可溶性糖含量提高3.9%,营养品质得到显著改善。     

新疆野生蔬菜资源开发与利用研究

新疆野生蔬菜资源丰富,通过对新疆野菜资源的分布环境、营养成分、药用功能及利用现状等方面进行了调查分析,弄清了新疆野生蔬菜的资源特点、加工方法及栽培情况,指出了新疆野生蔬菜开发利用中存在的问题,提出了综合开发利用的途径,以便新疆野生蔬菜资源持续利用。     

三种野生百合实生后代的植物学性状比较分析

[目的]研究岷江百合、卷丹百合和淡黄花百合3种野生百合实生后代的植物学性状。[方法]通过对3种野生百合的实生种子进行播种,全生育期调查实生后代的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积、基干高度、鳞茎质量等植物学性状。[结果]不同品种间和同品种间均存在一定的差异,均以种间表现为差异极显著,而个体间差异不显著。[结论]该研究为野生百合今后的遗传育种、产业化快繁等方面提供支持。     

三疣梭子蟹4个野生群体遗传差异的同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶垂直电泳技术对三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberbuculatus4个野生群体(鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾和舟山)的同工酶进行检测,分析群体间的生化遗传差异.结果发现(1) 4个群体的多态座位百分数(P0.99)分别为:鸭绿江口13.6%、莱州湾13.6%、海州湾13.6%和舟山13.6%.(2) 4个群体间的生化遗传差异不显著,4个群体间的遗传距离D=0.000 54～0.001 70,属种内群体间差异.(3)聚类分析表明:4个群体分为两组,海州湾和舟山两群体之间的亲缘关系最近,聚为一组.莱州湾和鸭绿江口群体亲缘关系比较近,聚为另一组.     

Effects of ultrasound and high pressure argon on physico-chemical properties of white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during postharvest storage

Effects of high pressure argon (H), ultrasound (U) and their combination treatments (UH) on physico-chemical characteristics of white mushrooms were studied during 9 d of postharvest storage at 4 °C. H treated samples exhibited the smallest weight loss and respiration rate compared to all other samples. Mass losses after 9 d of storage were 3.01%, 5.09%, 5.39% and 9.59% for H, UH, U and untreated mushrooms, respectively. Furthermore, U treated samples showed lower polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO, E.C. 1.14.18.1) during storage while UH treated samples showed a slight increase in antioxidant capacity during storage and also experienced reduced mass loss and respiration rate. In addition, treated samples were effective in retaining mushrooms colour changes compared to control. Physico-chemical properties of differently treated mushrooms (UH, H and U) stored at 4 °C were significantly different (p < 0.05) from control.     

黑龙江野生大豆优异资源筛选、评价及利用的研究

通过近25年的评价与利用,筛选出高蛋白含量48%以上的49份;抗孢囊线虫3号种质8份;抗花叶病毒种质5份;多花荚、多分枝、抗逆性强等种质9份;双高(高油、高蛋白)66.16%的品系1份;并通过种间创新获得百粒重在6￣20g,蛋白质含量中间种质材料,丰富了大豆遗传基础。     

花生属野生种质的RAPD鉴定

利用RAPD技术 ,对栽培种与花生属野生种的杂交后代进行了分子标记鉴定 ,结果表明 :从 60个随机寡核苷酸引物中筛选出具多态性的引物 2 7个 ,其中一个引物能检测到来自野生种的DNA特异片段。     

Bacteria and antibiotic resistance detection in fractures of wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain

Anatomic adaptations make birds more prone to open fractures with exposed bone parts losing vascularization. As a result of this exposure, fractures are colonized by different microorganisms, including different types of bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, causing osteomyelitis in many cases. For this reason, antibiotic treatment is common. However, carrying out antibiotic treatment without carrying out a previous antibiogram may contribute to increased resistance against antibiotics, especially in migratory wild birds. In this paper, bacterial counts regarding fracture type, bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance have been analysed in wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain. The results obtained showed that open fractures had higher bacterial counts (CFU/mL) than closed ones. Bacteria in family Enterobacteriaceae, identified were Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp., Hafnia alvei, Proteus mirabilis, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pantoea agglomerans. Other bacteria present in wild birds’ fractures were Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp. Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus sciuri. All species found presented resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. Wild birds can be implicated in the introduction, maintenance and global spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria and represent an emerging public health concern. Results obtained in this paper support the idea that it is necessary to take this fact into account before antibiotic administration to wild animals, since it could increase the number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.     

1种食用菌细菌隐性污染栽培种的菌种分离研究

研究1种以木屑为主要配方的食用菌细菌隐性污染栽培种的菌种分离。稀释涂布平板法分析细菌总数。栽培种捣碎后悬于无菌水,分别以短时(5 min)涡漩振荡、摇床振荡(180 r/min)、低温静置(4℃) 3种方式处理;灭菌纱布过滤收集、无菌水淋洗木屑接种至PDA斜面,培养使其生长。以未经处理木屑为接种物作为对照。结果显示栽培种细菌数为15500 cfu/g;对照（30支）以及采用短时涡漩振荡处理所接30支斜面全部细菌污染;摇床振荡1、2、3、4天纯化率分别为20%、30%、46.67%及63.3%;低温静置1、2、3、4天纯化率分别为3.3%、10%、46.67%和60%。以木屑为主要配方的细菌隐性污染栽培种悬于无菌水经1~4天振荡或浸湿再分离的基内菌丝分离法可有效分离纯化菌种。     

野生,半野生及栽培大豆的几个主要光合特性的研究

本试验研究了三种进化类型的大豆主要生育时期的光合速率、二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPC,EC,4·1·1·39)活性、叶绿素含量、叶质重、气孔阻力等几个光合特性。结果表明,野生大豆营养生长期光合速率高于栽培大豆,生殖生长期则小于栽培大豆。半野生大豆介于两者之间,接近于栽培大豆。各生育时期,与光合速率关系密切的性状也表现出类似的超势。