Nutritional and Antinutritional Characteristics of Seven South Indian Wild Legumes

Seeds from seven species of wild legumes of the South India were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral profiles, amino acid profiles of total seed protein, in vitro protein digestibility, and certain antinutritional factors to assess their potential as alternative sources of protein crops. The major findings of the study were as follows: crude protein ranged from 20.3 to 35.0%, crude lipid 3.1–9.6%, crude fiber 5.9–12.1%, ash 2.7–5.1%, and carbohydrates 49.2–61.8%. Minerals viz., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese occurred in the range 42.9–135.9, 556.2–1639.5, 304.5–572.2, 174.9–686.7, 98.4–947.8, 3.6–16.4, 0.2–1.2, 2.0–30.0, and 1.0–3.9 mg/100 g seed flour, respectively. Profiles of amino acids of total seed proteins detected in the present study revealed that levels of valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, and histidine of all the seven wild legume seed samples, threonine of Canavalia ensiformis and C. gladiata, leucine of Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens, and lysine of Cassia floribunda and C. obtusifolia were found to be higher than FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern. The in vitro protein digestibility of the legumes under study ranged from 63.39 to 83.32%. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenolics ranged from 0.41 to 5.96%, tannins from 0.04 to 0.60%, L-DOPA from 1.34 to 8.37% and trypsin inhibitor activity from 13.48 to 65.43 TIU/mg protein. The detected antinutritional factors probably have little nutritional significance if the seeds are properly processed.     

Chemical composition of indigenous wild herbs,spices, fruits,nuts and leafy vegetables used as food

Thirty wild fruits, nuts, herbs, spices and leafy vegetables were characterized and their chemical composition determined. Some of them were not only used for food, but for medicine in minor aliments by the natives. Results of the proximate analysis showed that on dry weight basis, the crude protein content ranged from 4.6 to 22.1 percent for spices and herbs, 3.2 to 43.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 15.9 to 35.7 percent for leafy vegetables. The fat (ether extract) ranged from 7.5 to 36.0 percent for spices and herbs, 1.8 to 72.6 percent for fruits and nuts and 10.6 to 22.6 percent for leafy vegetables. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 34.6 to 71.9 percent for spices and herbs, 11.3 to 76.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 24.6 to 51.4 percent for leafy vegetables. The wild fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables are high in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C.) Ascorbic acid content ranged from 18 mg/100 g dry sample to 113 mg/100 g sample for fruits and nuts, and 23 mg/100 g to 232 mg/100 g sample for leafy vegetables. The levels for peroxide value and free fatty acids (as percent oleic acid) of the spices are generally low indicating good storage stability of these plant materials. The flavour imparting essential oils (as percent oleoresin) content of the spices/herbs were fairly high and ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 percent.     

Chemical composition,in vitro protein digestibility andin vitro available iron of blue green alga,Nostoc commune

Blue-green alga,Nostoc commune, contained moderate amounts of protein and iron. Itsin vitro protein digestibility was 43–50%. The soluble and ionic iron from the alga was extractable to some extent at pH 1.5 but was not detectable at pH 8.0. The digestion by protease did not affect the iron detection. Heat processing at 100 and 120°C failed to increase the digestibility and the content of available iron. The dietary fiber in the alga may be responsible for low protein digestion and low iron availability.     

麦积植物园野生地被植物资源调查

在麦积植物园调查统计到野生地被植物资源23科50属63种。     

几种常见野生菌多糖含量的比较

[目的]对野生食用菌中的多糖含量进行比较,为生产企业对多糖产品的开发和应用以及消费者选择购买食用提供参考。[方法]以几种常见野生食用菌为材料,采用水提醇析法进行多糖提取。选择料液比1∶25(g∶m L),时间2 h,在温度60℃下提取3次。4℃醇析24 h后,经4 000 r/min离心20 min,去上清,将沉淀溶于水作为待测液。利用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖含量的测定。[结果]从多糖含量的测定结果看,松茸菌最高,为7.70 mg/g;小美牛肝菌第二,为7.58 mg/g;而鸡枞菌和青头菌多糖含量差别不大。从该研究看,多糖含量高的野生菌在口感味道上更受人们喜爱,如小美牛肝菌、松茸,但同时价格也很高。说明多糖含量高低与日常生活中人们对野生菌的选择、野生菌的价格有一定的关系。[结论]多糖含量对野生食用菌口感和鲜美味道有一定的影响。     

福州旗山野生蕉(Musa spp.,AB Group)试管苗Mn-SOD基因克隆及生物信息学分析

以旗山野生蕉(Musa spp.,AB group)试管苗幼嫩叶片为材料,利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术克隆获得野生蕉试管苗Mn-SOD基因c DNA序列。结果表明:旗山野生蕉Mn-SOD的c DNA全长序列共831 bp,其中5′UTR为137 bp,3′UTR为151 bp,3′端含有17个poly(A)尾。开放阅读框(ORF)共有543个碱基组成,编码181个氨基酸。蛋白理化性质预测结果显示:Mn-SOD蛋白分子量为20 108.8 u,等电点7.92,属于碱性蛋白。     

山西省中条山野生平盖灵芝资源与药用价值研究

介绍了中条山地理位置和范围、地貌和气候,分析中条山植物区系很特殊。通过调查得知,中条山药用菌物有30余个品种,药用真菌品种繁多,认定中条山林区是药用菌物基因库;进一步从分类学地位、形态特征、生境分布认识了野生平盖灵芝,研究了野生平盖灵芝的药用价值、中药配方。从有效成分、功能主治、药理作用、产品开发等多个方面的中医药处方适宜人群和用法用量等做出陈述。结果发现,野生平盖灵芝是药食同源的一种真菌,珍稀药材药用价值较高。     

福建中部3个野生蕉自然居群基于NTSYS和STRUCTURE软件的ISSR分析

为进一步完善福建野生蕉遗传背景研究,对采自福建省三明市和福州市的3个野生蕉自然居群共100份叶片样本进行ISSR分析,并结合NTSYS、STRUCTURE和POPGENE等软件,进行居群遗传结构和遗传多样性分析。结果表明:13条引物共扩增获得175个稳定、清晰的条带,平均扩增条带数为13.5个,扩增产物主要介于200~2 000 bp,其中总的多态性条带为158个,居群总多态性条带百分率为90.3%;通过NTSYS和STRUCTUR软件聚类分析发现,岩前、莘口和赤壁野生蕉共100份样本严格按照地理来源划分为3个大组,3个大组可进一步分别划分为3、3和4个亚组;采用POPGENE进行遗传多样性参数分析发现,野生蕉居群总的变异中,群体内变异大于群体间变异,野生蕉居群内存在丰富的基因交流,3个野生蕉居群总体多样性水平较高,从高到低依次为岩前、莘口和赤壁。说明福建野生蕉居群遗传结构具有相对独立的特点,水和人为因素在野生蕉群体演变过程中具有重要影响。     

野生覆盆子种苗快繁与驯化试验研究

[目的]为短期内获得大量优质覆盆子种苗及大规模生产提供依据.[方法]对野生覆盆子进行系列组培快繁研究.[结果]利用茎段能诱导出不定芽,最佳诱导培养基为MS +1.5mg/L BA +0.3 mg/L NAA,诱导率可达96％;最佳分化培养基为MS +2.0 mg/L KT +0.5 mg/LNAA,芽生长健壮,增殖达到4.2倍;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS +0.2 mg/L NAA,生根数量质量好,平均每株生根4.5条.炼苗基质以60％腐叶土+30％珍珠岩+10％蛭石为佳;炼苗温度23～27℃,空气相对湿度80％～90％有利于提高炼苗成活率.[结论]该试验为进一步进行掌叶覆盆子的大面积栽培奠定了基础.     

重楼模拟野生环境种植技术

实践证明，种植地块选择是人工模拟“生环境规模种植重楼成功的关键所在。可以采取种子和根茎的顶芽两种繁育方式。从播种到采收需要4-6年或更长时间，为了缩短种植年限、培育周期和节约成本，常采用根茎的顶芽繁育方式。加强田间管理又是实现人工模拟“生环境规模种植不可缺少的重要环节。