黏虫CYP9A113基因的克隆及外源物质对基因表达的诱导效应

黏虫是我国作物上最重要的害虫之一。细胞色素P450能够参与昆虫外源物质代谢。本研究采用RACE技术克隆了一条编码黏虫P450基因的cDNA序列,并通过Real-time PCR技术,检测了4种外源物质对该基因表达的诱导效应。该基因被国际P450命名委员会命名为CYP9A113,GenBank登录号为KY436739。利用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油的LD_(50)处理黏虫3 h,LD_(10)、LD_(30)和LD_(50)处理12 h和24 h,可诱导表达CYP9A113基因;20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂的LD_(10)处理黏虫12、24和48 h,LD_(30)和LD_(50)处理24 h,CYP9A113基因表达呈诱导效应;0.1和0.5 mg/mL香豆素处理6、12、24和48 h,CYP9A113基因表达均呈诱导效应;0.1和0.5 mg/mL吲哚-3-甲醇处理3、6、12、24和48 h,CYP9A113基因表达均呈诱导效应。     

The effects of various plant protection methods on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici and Cephalosporium gramineum,grain yield and protein profile

Septoria leaf blotch progresses rapidly, leading to the development of Zymoseptoria titici forms resistant to fungicides. Cephalosporium stripe is caused by Cephalosporium gramineum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected pesticides in limiting the symptoms of both diseases on winter wheat leaves, and to determine their influence on grain yield and the content and composition of protein fractions in wheat kernels. Propiconazoles were most effective in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (symptoms were reduced from 54.7% to 78.6%). Strobilurins were less effective due to the presence of isolates with the G143A mutation. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe were rarely observed, and protective treatments did not reduce their severity. The highest content of grain protein (14.81%) was found in plants most intensely protected with the fungicides containing fenpropimorph, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant protection method influenced the grain protein profile. The accumulation of HMW glutenins and α/β gliadins was mutually interrelated and higher in high-input treatments; control grain was characterized by close relationships between ω-gliadins, LMW glutenins, albumins and globulins, whereas low-input treatments influenced mostly γ-gliadins.     

基于MODIS数据的2001—2016年内蒙古积雪分布及其变化趋势

积雪融水是干旱区重要的水资源之一,积雪分布变化的监测对区域雪冰资源的合理利用及灾害防治至关重要。基于内蒙古地区2001-2016年MOD10A2积雪数据对研究区进行分带提取,分析不同海拔高度积雪年内年际变化特征,结合气温和降水气象因素,分析其分布变化原因。研究表明:积雪面积、积雪覆盖率年内分布呈单峰形,10个海拔带的积雪期为9月到次年5月,峰值出现在冬季,积雪覆盖率增减的临界高度在952~1 114 m;不同高程带的积雪面积在春季、夏季、秋季整体上呈现出"增加-减少-增加-减少"的年际变化规律,冬季整体上表现出"减少-增加-减少"的变化规律;积雪面积受降水量和气温相互的影响,其中海拔高度可能起到间接作用。内蒙古地区春季、冬季积雪覆盖率均与冬季降水量呈显著正相关,各季节积雪覆盖率基本与温度呈负相关关系。     

籼型优质三系香稻不育系广泰A的选育及应用

广泰A是广东省农业科学院水稻研究所以保持系中间材料荣丰B//米31/W254为母本,具有香味的保持系中间材料天丰B/粤丰B为父本进行杂交,然后通过分子标记辅助选择具有香味且直链淀粉较低的F3代株系与印尼水田谷胞质不育系荣丰A测交,后经连续回交转育而成的优质香稻不育系.该不育系具有败育彻底、育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交习...     

低温胁迫诱导斑马鱼ZF4细胞ROS及MAPK相关蛋白表达的影响

为了研究鱼类低温下分子调控机制及其与活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间的关系,本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维ZF4细胞进行不同程度的低温胁迫(18℃和10℃),监测其在不同低温胁迫时间下(1 d、3 d和5 d)ROS的变化以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:(1)DCFH-DA探针法表明在低温胁迫作用下,细胞内ROS含量增加。细胞内ROS上升水平与外界胁迫压力成正相关。低温处理3 d后,18℃和10℃的细胞,其ROS含量与对照组(28℃)相比分别显著升高到(1.23±0.04)倍(P0.05)和(2.31±0.08)倍(P0.05)。(2)Western Blot检测磷酸化的p38(p-p38)和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK p54和p-JNK p46)的水平变化,结果显示低温胁迫可以使p38和JNK的活性增强,且均在10℃处理3 d达到最高水平。(3)进一步检测DNA断裂标记蛋白γH2A.X的表达水平,结果显示,无论在18℃还是10℃,其在第3天呈现高表达。本实验初步证实低温胁迫能够诱导斑马鱼细胞ROS的产生;通过对不同时间点的蛋白表达水平检测,发现p-JNK、p-p38和γH2A.X激活时间点与低温诱导ROS表达时间点相吻合。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定基础,其中低温下处理3 d可以作为一个检测各个蛋白变化的关键时间点。     

Molecular evidence for the lack of transmission of the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Crustacea, Cymothoidae) between wild bogue (Boops boops) and cage-reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

In the Mediterranean area, wild fish have often been suggested as either the reservoirs of the causative agents or at least the carriers of the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in cultured fish. However, no epidemiological investigations on actual pathogen/disease interactions between farmed and wild fish have been conducted even for the most important fish pathogens. Only sporadic isolations and identifications of various pathogens in wild fish have been done and real associations with the pathological conditions that exist within the farm environment and vice versa have not been established. Monogenean ectoparasite Sparicotyle chrysophrii and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides are commonly found in the Mediterranean cage-reared sea bream and sea bass and in the surrounding wild fish population. Both species were recognized as pathogens that seasonally inflict serious losses in fingerlings and juveniles of sea bream and sea bass, being potentially propagated and exchanged during wild and caged fish interaction. In order to evaluate the degree of pathogens transfer between wild and farmed fish, we investigated genetic population structures of these two important parasitic pathogens inferred by mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I locus. Parasites isolated from wild and farmed fish on the two most productive Adriatic fish farms showed genetic heterogeneity, contradicting widely accepted hypothesis of cross-contamination, at least in case of S. chrysophrii and C. oestroides. As far as we know, this is the first report that in a study of pathogen transfer molecular evidence was employed to asses the genetic population structure of shared parasites.     

人工饲养倒刺鲃幼鱼的野化训练

为了探讨追赶训练对鱼类野化能力的影响,以倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus denticulatus)幼鱼为试验对象,采用鳜鱼塑料模型进行每天2次、每次5 min的追赶训练,研究了追赶训练7和15 d对倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、摄食比率、特定生长率等指标的影响。结果显示,追赶训练7和15 d后倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05),摄食比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。追赶训练7 d后的Ucrit与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但追赶训练15 d后的Ucrit显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而追赶训练15 d后的特定生长率相较对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,采用该方法训练15 d后能提高倒刺鲃幼鱼的反捕食能力和游泳能力等与野外生存相关的行为能力,同时并不降低幼鱼的生长。追赶训练15 d的野化效果优于7 d。     

山姜对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌活性试验研究

为研究中草药山姜粗提液对益生芽孢杆菌体外抑菌效果,特采用试管二倍稀释法和管碟法检测不同浓度的山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液在体外对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38菌株和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌直径,并以肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、4μg/mL硫酸庆大霉素作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果表明,山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对两株益生芽孢杆菌和ETEC无抑菌作用,硫酸庆大霉素对蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38和枯草芽孢杆菌Pab04菌株MIC均为1.25μg/mL,对ETEC的最低抑菌浓度MIC为0.625μg/mL。山姜煎煮液和乙醇提取液对受试菌株抑菌直径与生理盐水相比差异不显著(P>0.05),硫酸庆大霉素与其相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。山姜粗提液对两株益生芽孢杆菌无明显抑菌作用。     

野生牙鲆亲鱼摄食驯化技术

以活鱼为诱饵对捕获的３批野生牙鲆亲鱼进行摄食驯化培育,解决了野生牙鲆捕后在人工培育条件下拒食的难题,并利用牙鲆摄食的诱导性、使后期捕获的野生鱼在已驯化了的亲鱼带动下主动摄食人工投喂的鲜铒。     

圆柱干扰对杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力及代谢行为影响研究

为了研究流场扰动对鱼类游泳行为和代谢的影响,本研究测定了单、双圆柱(平行)扰动条件下杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baeri♂)幼鱼的临界游泳速度和耗氧率。结果显示:与对照组比较,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,杂交鲟幼鱼U_crit比对照组分别增加了1.71%和40.41%。游泳过程中,耗氧率和速度呈线性关系,单、双圆柱扰动条件下,速度系数b值显著小于对照组,上溯运动中能量利用效率较高。圆柱设置形成的流场环境有利于提高杂交鲟幼鱼游泳能力和游泳效率。湍动能为1.960×10^-4～46.92×10^-4 m^2/s^2时,杂交鲟幼鱼游泳效率较高,上溯所需的能耗减少。