夏大豆全程化控效果初探

对夏大豆进行全程化控试验。结果表明:在15%多效唑施用总量750 g/hm2条件下,以分枝期300 g/hm2+初花期450 g/hm2处理效果最好,大豆增产17.1%,达显著水平;苗期75 g/hm2+分枝期150 g/hm2+初花期300 g/hm2+盛花期225 g/hm2处理增产13.7%,初花期300 g/hm2+盛花期450 g/hm2处理增产11.4%,但较对照均未达显著水平。3种全程化控方法均能增加叶绿素含量,降低株高和结荚高度,增加株荚数、株粒数和株粒重,但对百粒重影响较小。采用全程化控技术具有控制大豆旺长和提高产量的效果。     

建立完善我国优质牛肉生产全程质量控制体系

本文介绍了我国牛肉生产和进出口现状及影响因素，并建议要制定推行我国牛肉生产全程质量控制体系以提高我国牛肉生产水平、牛肉质量及市场竞争力。     

利用全基因组重测序技术研究182份大麦和青稞的基因组结构变异

为探明大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)和青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.nudum)基因组结构变异与表型和环境适应差异的遗传机制，以大麦基因组为参考，基于182份大麦和青稞样品的全基因组重测序数据，进行了基因组结构变异分析。结果表明：182份大麦和青稞样品的平均测序深度约为12 X，共获得74 262个结构变异，包含48 078个缺失(65%)、13 461个插入(18%)、7 012个倒位(9%)和5 711个染色体内易位(8%)。大麦参考基因组18.72%(7 440/39 734) 的基因位于结构变异区内。许多与基因组结构变异相关的基因参与了光系统和防御反应过程。研究认为，基于182份大麦和青稞的基因组结构变异分析结果将为大麦和青稞建立一个比较完善的结构变异数据集，并将加深对大麦和青稞物种进化和表型差异分子机制的认识。     

3种全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在探讨 3 个品种全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响,为奶牛养殖中饲草的合理选择提供依据。将 2 胎、健康、体重相近、日平均产奶量为 30 kg 的荷斯坦奶牛 45 头随机分为 3 组,每组 15 头,分别饲喂由不同品种全株玉米青贮组成的全混合日粮。3 个处理组全株玉米青贮品种分别为雅玉 04889、京科968、强盛 103。预试期 2 周,正试期 8 周。结果表明:试验期间 3 组牛群采食量、日产奶量和血液生化指标差异均不显著;但在试验第 42 天,雅玉 04889 组的乳脂率较强盛 103 组高 0.18 个百分点(P<0.05)。经济效益核算表明,将京科 968 组作为参照,雅玉 04889 组可增利润 2 987.2 元,强盛 103 组可增利润 1 331.9 元。本试验条件下,饲喂雅玉 04889 全株玉米青贮可提高平均产奶量,降低饲养成本,提高养殖效益。     

Isolation and sero-genomo-epidemiological studies on Brucella infection in dairy cattle in Meghalaya,India

In this study, we report the serological, bacteriological and whole genome sequencing data of a 6 years study of Brucella abortus in Meghalaya, India. Investigation of 3060 sera samples indicated overall prevalence of 6.4% by Rose Bengal Plate Test and 10.7% by ELISA. Considerably higher prevalence was observed among milk samples (17.5%, n = 362) and in blood samples (37.7%, n = 262) by direct PCR. Clinical samples (n = 94) from late abortion cases yielded 11 B. abortus isolates. Multi-locus sequence typing indicated circulation of single sequence type, ST1. Whole genome sequencing (n = 8) and phylogenomic analysis revealed close clustering of majority of isolates in two clusters alongwith genomes from other countries, indicating global relatedness among B. abortus. Taken together, the results of our study revealed the putative hotspot of infection in the dairy-dominant districts of the state and also calls for concerted One Health based action for prevention and control of this zoonotic disease.     

Effects of wheat tempering and stone rotational speed on particle size,dough rheology and bread characteristics for a stone-milled weak flour

The poor technological performance of weak wheat flours means that they are usually considered difficult to be transformed into satisfactory bread. During milling, there are several settings that can affect flour characteristics. In this study, we tested two operative parameters that have the potential to affect flour quality – stone rotational speed and wheat tempering. Tempering moistures were set at 11%, 13%, 15%, and 17%, while stone rotational speeds were set at 173, 260, and 346 rpm. Both factors were found to affect operative milling parameters, notably flour yield, process productivity and specific energy consumption. Grain moisture had a significant effect on both dough rheology and bread characteristics (dough stability, tenacity, and extensibility). Dough stability was maximum at 13% moisture. Dough tenacity decreased as moisture increased, while extensibility increased as moisture increased. Bread specific volume and crumb specific volume were improved at 13% and 15% moisture. In conclusion, wheat tempering can be used to improve the potential of a weak flour and bread characteristics, while stone rotational speed affects operative parameters and white flour yield.     

Effects of fermentation and heat treatments on bound-ferulic acid content and total antioxidant capacity of bread crust-like systems made of different whole grain flours

In this study, bread crust-like systems were prepared by heating (5, 15 and 30 min at 200 °C) freeze-dried fermented doughs obtained using different cereal grains. The flours of whole wheat, refined wheat, whole einkorn, whole rye, whole oat and whole maize were used. The effects of fermentation and heating on bound ferulic acid concentration and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Besides, high molecular weight fractions, containing also melanoidins formed in bread crust-like systems during heating were analyzed for their bound ferulic acid content and total antioxidant capacity. Increasing heating time at 200 °C also increased the amounts of high molecular weight fractions in the bread crust-like systems for all cereals. The total antioxidant capacity of bread crust-like samples increased significantly with heating time (p < 0.05). However, the opposite was true for the high molecular weight fractions of bread crust-like samples. Mean bound ferulic acid concentrations of different cereal flours were found to range between 78.3 mg/kg (for refined wheat) and 667.7 mg/kg (for whole einkorn). Heating had no significant effect on bound ferulic acid contents of bread crust-like systems. For all cereals, the highest concentrations of bound ferulic acid were detected in the high molecular weight fractions of bread crust-like systems heated at 200 °C for 5 min. However, bound ferulic acid concentrations significantly decreased in high molecular weight fractions as heating time increased (p < 0.05).     

不同类型青贮玉米品种子粒和全株含水率动态变化特性

以8个生产主推青贮玉米品种（专用型4个、粮饲兼用型4个）为研究对象，探究分析不同类型青贮玉米品种的子粒与全株含水率动态变化特性。结果表明，玉米子粒乳线位置处于1/4、2/4、3/4和4/4时，对应处于授粉后36.8 d、47.0 d、56.4 d和63.6 d，子粒平均含水率为48.6%、39.3%、34.2%和31.1%，全株平均含水率为76.9%、70.2%、60.7%和56.5%。8个品种全株含水率由70%降至60%平均需14.0 d，其中专用型品种平均需16.7 d，比粮饲兼用型品种所需时间长5.4 d。专用青贮玉米品种适收期全株含水率70%~60%对应子粒乳线位置1/2~3/4，其适收期较粮饲兼用型品种长5 d；青贮玉米品种收获期内子粒生理降水速率和全株含水率降低速率相对较低，是京科青贮516、雅玉26、郑单958、京科968适收期相对较长的原因。     

全株脆性突变水稻在奶牛瘤胃内降解特性的研究

通过本试验确定全株脆性突变水稻是否可作为优质饲料稻的中间育种材料,以便为进一步解决南方饲草缺乏和开发饲料资源打下基础。本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋法研究了全株脆性突变（Brittleness Mutation,BM）水稻及其亲本中花11（Zhonghua11）在瘤胃内的降解特性。结果表明：（1）黄熟期全株BM水稻营养成分与对照亲本存在较大的差异。其中,全株BM水稻半纤维素含量极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,而NFE含量则极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（2）24h后的各个时间点,全株BM水稻DM降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF、半纤维素和纤维素的降解率则极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（3）对于瘤胃有效降解率,全株BM水稻DM有效降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF和半纤维素有效降解率明显高于对照亲本;（4）通过透射电镜观察,与对照亲本相比,全株脆性突变水稻的厚壁组织细胞壁明显变薄。全株脆性突变水稻可以作为优质饲料稻选育的中间育种材料。     

普鲁士兰法测定胡杨中植物多酚含量

首次采用普鲁士兰法对胡杨中植物多酚含量进行了研究.取胡杨枝粉碎后过40目筛,用丙酮水溶液提取液在45℃下浸提,提取液处理后用P-B法进行测定.首先从稳定性、最大吸收波长、线性关系、重复性和准确性等角度对P-B法进行了方法改进和验证.然后用改进的P-B法对胡杨枝提取液进行测定,测得结果是胡杨枝中总酚含量平均为1.191%、RSD为2.840%.