皖西大别山林区黑翅土白蚁工程治理的关键技术

根据二十多年的生产实践,对黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)实施工程治理技术获得成功的技术要点进行了分析总结。经该技术治理的林区,已取得良好防效,不仅有显著的经济、生态效益,且具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

民族地区电脑农业推广体制的研究

从电脑农业在一些西部民族地区的实践来看 ,在西部民族地区推广电脑农业大有必要。笔者首先阐释目前西部民族地区电脑农业推广现状 ,然后分析西部民族地区电脑农业推广工作中存在的问题 ,最后就西部民族地区电脑农业推广体制进行研究 ,并提出相关对策。     

近代西学传播大师傅兰雅

傅兰雅始终坚持传播西学与传播宗教相分离的原则,对西学东渐做出了重要贡献。他集中、系统地从事科普工作,翻译了大量西方著作。     

试论川西地区实施防护林体系建设的必要性

川西地区处于长江上游及其源头,是重要的水源涵养区,由于森林集中过伐,植被遭到破坏,森林的涵养水源和保持水土的功能削弱。为恢复川西地区绿色森林屏障,笔者提出将川西地区纳入防护林体系工程造林,以恢复和增加森林植被,形成合理的林种、树种结构,发挥涵水保土和改善生态环境的作用,使川西地区实现集生态、经济、社会效益为一体,协调发展的生态林业基地。     

Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder

Simulating the influence of intensive management and annual weather fluctuations on tree growth requires a shorter time step than currently employed by most regional growth models. High-quality data sets are available for several plantation species in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, but the growth periods ranged from 2 to 12 years in length. Measurement periods of varying length complicate efforts to fit growth models because observed growth rates must be interpolated to a common length growth period or those growth periods longer or shorter than the desired model time step must be discarded. A variation of the iterative technique suggested by Cao [Cao, Q.V., 2000. Prediction of annual diameter growth and survival for individual trees from periodic measurements. Forest Sci. 46, 127–131] was applied to estimate annualized diameter and height growth equations for pure plantations of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. Using this technique, fits were significantly improved for all three species by embedding a multi-level nonlinear mixed-effects framework (likelihood ratio test: p < 0.0001). The final models were consistent with expected biological behavior of diameter and height growth over tree, stand, and site variables. The random effects showed some correlation with key physiographic variables such as slope and aspect for Douglas-fir and red alder, but these relationships were not observed for western hemlock. Further, the random effects were more correlated with physiographic variables than actual climate or soils information. Long-term simulations (12–16 years) on an independent dataset using these annualized equations showed that the multi-level mixed effects models were more accurate and precise than those fitted without random effects as mean square error (MSE) was reduced by 13 and 21% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. The level of prediction error was also smaller than an existing similar growth model with a longer time step (ORGANON v8) as the annualized equations reduced MSE by 17 and 38% for diameter and height growth prediction, respectively. These models will prove to be quite useful for understanding the interaction of weather and silviculture in the Pacific Northwest and refining the precision of future growth model projections.     

中西部地区退耕还林还草模式探讨

在将我国退耕还林还草工程区划分为 2个大区 9个类型区的基础上 ,研究了每个大区的退耕还林还草基本技术思路和每个类型区的退耕还林还草模式 ,包括其类型区域范围、自然资源特点、社会经济特点、主要限制因子、基本技术思路、林草类型结构、植被恢复方式、植被恢复技术、主要树种草种、经营管护方式等     

湘西虎杖抑菌成分提取及其抑菌活性研究初报

以乙醇作溶剂,对湘西虎杖抑菌活性物提取条件进行研究,通过抑菌实验得到最佳提取条件为A3B2C3,即90%乙醇、60℃、3h, 该条件下的提取物对细菌生长的抑制活性最强,但对酵母菌无明显的效果,对三种受试细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25~ 0.5g/ml。提取物经85℃、100℃,15 min 或pH2~8 处理后仍具有较强的抑菌活性,其乙酸乙酯萃取物对三个菌都有较强的抑菌活性。     

辽西地区主要造林树种抗旱性的研究

辽西地区属于半干旱季风气候区,年平均温度为7.1—8.2℃,年降水量为400—600mm,年蒸发量为1600mm,为降水量的3—4倍。干燥是该区总的气候特点。该区的植物群落主要为旱生的森林灌丛或草本植物群落,针叶树建群种为油松,阔叶树为蒙古栎,元宝槭,黄榆;灌木主要为荆条和酸枣。土壤是在各种岩石风化物残积母质上,以及黄土、红土母质上发育的淋溶褐土和褐色性土,土壤干旱瘠薄。水分是这一地区限制造林树种成活及生长的主要因子,本文试图通过对树种抗旱性的测定和分析,确定树种的抗旱能力,从而为辽西地区的造林提供树种选择的依据。