荸荠皮果醋减肥效果研究

[目的]考察荸荠皮果醋的减肥降脂效果.[方法]以废弃荸荠皮为原料,经液态表面发酵法制成营养果醋,研究以小鼠试验考察荸荠皮果醋的减肥降脂效果.[结果]试验表明,低剂量的荸荠皮果醋(0.1 ml/d)能明显抑制小鼠体重的增加速度,小鼠生殖器周围脂肪总重和脂肪系数与模型组相比有一定降低,但无显著差异.低剂量荸荠皮果醋对小鼠血清总胆固醇含量降低效果明显,但对甘油三酯降低不明显.中剂量(0.3 ml/d)荸荠皮果醋能明显降低小鼠的生殖器周围脂肪总重和脂肪系数,与模型组相比差异显著,对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯的降低均起到明显效果,分别降低了25.2％和26.1％.高剂量组减肥效果良好,但与中剂量组无显著差异.[结论]荸荠皮果醋具有一定的减肥降脂功能,有望成为一种时尚减肥食品.     

改进的层次分析法用于淮南矿区生态环境质量评价中各指标权重的确定

淮南矿区是我国华东地区重要的煤炭和煤电一体化生产基地,对于区域社会经济发展具有重要意义.同时,煤炭资源的开采不同程度地造成了环境污染和生态破坏.为实现矿区经济、社会和生态环境可持续发展,必须找到影响煤矿区生态环境质量的症结所在,而对煤矿区生态环境质量进行科学、客观的评价是前提.应用改进的层次分析法构建淮南矿区生态环境质量评价指标体系,科学得出不同指标权重的大小,清楚地显示影响淮南矿区生态环境质量的主要和次要因素(水土流失率、景观多样性指数和生态环境系统弹性度所占权重值较大,是决定淮南矿区生态环境质量的关键),结果对于淮南矿区生态保护与建设措施的提出具有重要支持作用.     

Alkaline weight reduction monitoring of sea-island type polyamide microfiber fabrics

The alkaline dissolution behavior of sea-island type polyamide microfibers were successfully monitored using a cationic dye staining method. Weight reduction behavior of the alkali-treated microfiber fabrics and the treated fabrics stained with cationic dye were investigated in a comparative manner. The termination of dissolution monitored by both methods was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.     

基于熵权法的广东农业专业镇科技创新环境综合评价研究

农业专业镇是广东发展现代化农业的一个重要载体,其科技创新环境建设对农业产业升级与产业机构调整有重要影响。运用熵权法对广东农业专业镇的科技创新环境进行综合评价研究,得出结果：农业专业镇的政府支持环境、市场环境、科技环境、资金环境、产学研合作环境和社会文化环境并不优越。因此,提出“需围绕公共创新服务平台深化政产学研合作,围绕资源和特色产业构建协同创新体系,建立和健全多元化的农业科技创新资金投入机制,推动区域公共品牌建设和服务体系”的对策建议。     

Artificial neural network approach for prediction of ammonia emission from field-applied manure and relative significance assessment of ammonia emission factors

This article presents a systematic method for enhancing the estimation accuracy of ammonia emission from field-applied manure and for assessing the relative significance of ammonia emission factors, using the feedforward-backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) approach.

The multivariate linear regression (MLR) method well describes the ammonia emission tendency with the emission factor variation. However, ammonia emission from manure slurry is too complex to be captured in a linear regression model. This necessitates a model which can describe complex nonlinear effects between the ammonia emission variables such as soil and manure states, climate and agronomic factors. In the present study, a principle component analysis (PCA) based preprocessing and weight partitioning method (WPM) based postprocessing ANN approach (called the PWA approach) is proposed to account for the complex nonlinear effects.

The ammonia emission is predicted with precision by the 11 emission factors, using the nonlinear ANN approach. The relative importance among the 11 emission factors is identified using the elasticity analysis in the MLR method and using the WPM in the ANN approach. The relative significance obtained quantitatively by the PWA approach in the present study gives an excellent explanation of the most important processes controlling NH₃ emission.     

Growth Response and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Procambarus clarkii Fed Different Sources of Dietary Lipid

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipidon weight gain, feed conversion, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile red swamp crawfish, Procam-barus clarkii. Six semi-purified diets containing vitamin-free casein, defatted soybean meal, 0.5% cholinechloride, 0.5 % glycine and 0.5 % cholesterol were supplemented with 6.0 % of either anchovy oil, linseed oil,soybean oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil or pork lard. Each diet was fed to crawfish (3.07±0.21 g averageweight) in three replicate aquaria for 60 days. Survival rate, weight gain and feed conversion were best forcrawfish fed the diet containing anchovy oil. Crawfish fed the linseed oil diet had the second highest weightgain, followed by crawfish on soybean oil, repaseed oil, safflower oil and pork lard diets, respectively. Feedconversion values were a reflection of weight gain. Results showed that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are dietaryessential for juvenile Procambarus clarkii, although n-3 fatty acids promoted faster growth than n-6. Howev-er, highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3) had better growth-promoting effect than18 : 3n-3, due probably to the limited ability of crawfish to bioconvert fatty acids to polyenoic forms of longerchain length. The fatty acid composition of the crawfish generally reflected that of the dietary lipids, especial-ly for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids.     

不同氮肥施用量对青贮玉米喂羊效果的影响

玉米品种白马牙经追施不同量的氮肥（0、150、300kg尿素／hm^2），收割后制成青贮玉米的CP含量就会不同，用该青贮玉米饲喂育成羊，观测增重情况．结果显示，施尿素300kg／hm^2组的增重显著（P〈0．05），平均日增重是136．9g，高于未施尿素的对照组，提高幅度达26．10％．     

毛白杨根系分布的研究

对沙地上不同年龄毛白杨人工林的根系，从形态、数量和分布密度３个方面进行了调查研究。结果表明，其根系为水平斜生复合根型，１４ａ生林木根系的分布深度可达４．５ｍ，水平根幅达８ｍ左右。以重量划分７，９，１４ａ生林分的根系，分别集中在０￣６０ｃｍ、０￣１００ｃｍ和０￣１００ｃｍ土层内，占根系总重的８６％以上，树木周围２．０ｍ范围内根系的重量占总根量的８０％以上。以根系长度衡量，整个林地内根系分布较均匀，０     

Optimum manufacturing conditions of activated carbon fiber absorbents. II. Effect of carbonization and activation conditions

In this paper, viscose rayon-based knitted fabrics were utilized as the precursor to produce activated carbon fiber absorbents (ACFA). The effects of carbonization and activation conditions on characteristics (ACFA) were examined. Experimental results revealed that increasing the flow rate of environmental gas N₂ and steam activator used in conjunction and decreasing the production rate of ACFA can obtain better pore properties. However, higher flow rate of steam activator and lower production rate of ACFA reduced the weight yield. According to our findings, to maintain good absorption property of ACFA, the optimum manufacturing conditions are flow rate of gas N₂ at 80 cc/min, flow rate of steam activator at 60 ml/min, and production rate of ACFA at 30 cm/min, with flame retardant reagent concentration maintained at 30%. Under these conditions, the weight yield can be up to 40.85% and the BET surface area can exceed 1500 g/m².     

The effects of anthelmintic treatments against gastrointestinal nematodes on the performance of breeding ewes and lambs on pasture in semi-arid Kenya

The effects of anthelmintics treatments in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in breeding ewes in a semi-arid area of Kenya were determined. The study carried out during two breeding seasons, between June 2000 and December 2001 where albendazole was administered to groups of ewes, 2 weeks before mating, 3 weeks to lambing and mid lactation indicated significantly lower nematode egg counts in treated than untreated groups of ewes. In the first breeding season, reduced rainfall resulted in pasture scarcity and weight loss in both groups of ewes through out the gestation period, but losses were higher for the untreated group. In the second season, both groups of ewes showed a steady increase in weight gain during the gestation period and post-partum, but weight gains were higher in the treated group. In lambs, weight gains at 6 weeks were higher for treated ewes than control groups, in both breeding seasons. The results of this trial indicate that anthelmintic treatments in breeding ewes in the study area are beneficial in reducing gastrointestinal nematode infections and improving performance of the ewes and their lambs. In addition to the treatments, breeding ewes should be given feed supplementation particularly during periods of pasture scarcity.