播种密度对小麦茎秆大维管束系统和穗部发育的影响

研究了不同播种密度与小麦地上部伸长节间大维管束系统和穗部生产力之间的关系。结果表明：不同播种密度显著影响地上部伸长节间大维管束发达程度（大维管束数目和横截面积）和穗部生产力，其发达程度与穗部生产力呈显著正相关。播种密度的差异显著影响地上伸长节间茎壁厚度、节间长度和粗度及茎高，从而影响到小麦的抗倒能力。同时，不同播种密度也显著影响单位面积穗数、单穗结实粒数、单穗重及经济产量。     

Effects of strategic helminthosis control on age at first lambing and lambing interval of communally grazed Menz ewes in Ethiopia

A three-year longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment regimes on age at first lambing (AFL), weight at first lambing (WFL) and lambing interval (LI) of 356 communally grazed ewes and 675 lambs owned by 10 smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The ewes were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to three treatment groups as untreated control (TG1), twice-dosed per year (TG2) for both nematodes and trematodes in mid-January and mid-June and four-time-dosed per year (TG3) in June for nematodes, in August–September for nematodes and adult Fasciola, in November–December and January–February for immature flukes. The fixed effect of anthelmintic treatments, parity, season and year of lambing on AFL and LI was evaluated. Mean ± standard error (SE) of lambing interval was 292 ± 3 days. Both anthelmintic treatments (TG2 and TG3) shortened (P < 0.01) LI by about 23 days compared to non-treated ewes (TG1). Season and year of lambing had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on LI. Mean ± SE of AFL and WFL was 598 ± 10 days and 17.2 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. Anthelmintic treatments and parity of dam of the ewe lamb did not affect AFL (P > 0.05). Birth and lambing seasons of the ewe lamb had significant (P < 0.05) effect on AFL. On the other hand, lambing season of the ewe had significant (P < 0.05) effect on WFL. Ewe lambs born in the long rains lambed more than 50 days earlier than the ewe lambs born in short rainy and dry seasons. Lambing occurred year-round with two peaks in August–September and December–January, each 5 months after the two rainy seasons. Anthelmintic treatment at the beginning of the two rainy seasons should improve reproductive performance of Menz ewe lambs in similar agro-ecology in the central highlands of Ethiopia.     

夏橙果皮天然蜡和人工涂蜡表面的观察

 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 观察了有天然蜡和商业涂覆蜡存在的夏橙果实表面,并研究了天然蜡、洗果、脱蜡和商业涂覆蜡对果实失重的影响。结果表明: 夏橙果实表面的蜡片形状和大小均不规则, 大部分可用氯仿- 甲醇溶液去除; 除蜡极易加大果实失水; 涂蜡可部分和全部堵塞果实表面气孔。     

混合型群决策在农产品安全评价中的应用

鉴于农产品安全问题的重要性和解决这一问题的紧迫性,给出一种基于混合型群决策的农产品安全评价方法。首先介绍了农产品安全评价影响因素;并针对群组专家共同参与评价过程中,因个人偏好不同所给判断矩阵同时包含互反和互补判断矩阵这一问题,提出运用OWA算子对专家信息进行集结获取指标权重;最后给出农产品安全评价过程。     

气象因子对呼伦贝尔市玉米产量的影响

利用玉米的气候产量与玉米生育期间的积温、土壤重量含水率,建立了玉米气候产量和气象因子之间的关系,并通过此关系可以计算出玉米产量的预报值,其结果与生产实践基本相符。     

羟基肉桂酸锗氮桥环化合物在乌鸡饲料中的应用

[目的]以羟基肉桂酸锗氮桥环化合物为添加剂,研究将其添加于乌鸡日粮中对乌鸡生化指标的影响。[方法]以邻、对、间羟基肉桂酸锗各40 mg/kg添加到日粮中,分别在30、60、75、90、120日龄时,测定乌鸡的体重、黑色素含量、脂肪含量。[结果]在乌鸡饲料中添加肉桂酸锗均能提高乌鸡体重,增加黑色素含量,降低脂肪含量,而邻、对、间羟基肉桂酸锗之间无显著差异。[结论]该研究为锗添加剂在乌骨鸡生产中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Impact of ethanol,succinic acid,and the combination thereof at levels produced during sponge fermentation on hard wheat,soft wheat,and durum wheat farinograph rheology

The sponge and dough mixing process is one of the most common in the world, yet the mechanistic understanding of this process has yet to be sufficiently explored. In this study, aqueous solutions of ethanol, succinic acid, and their combination were prepared at concentrations intended to replicate fermentation times of 3, 4 and 6 h. These solutions were added to a farinograph mixer to make dough using hard wheat, soft wheat, and durum wheat flour. The results indicate that these yeast metabolites (ethanol, succinic acid) impact the mixing resistance, peak mixing value, and dough mixing stability in each of the flour types, likely primarily affected by the ratios of gliadin to glutenin and LMW glutenin in each flour type. Results suggest a stabilizing non-covalent interaction imparted by gliadin at peak mixing time, a stabilizing effect of HMW glutenin during break down, and synergistic effects of ethanol and succinic acid that leads to a faster rate of breakdown in later stages of mixing. It also suggests an increase in mixing resistance when acidulants are added to durum wheat dough. Taken together, this study adds new insights on the sponge and dough mixing process in a way that has not previously been conducted.     

Surgical Repair of a Diaphragmatic Tear in a Thoroughbred Broodmare

A 9-year-old multiparous Thoroughbred broodmare presented for evaluation of acute signs of colic. The patient had a 4-month history of poor appetite, weight loss, and decreased body condition after parturition, despite appropriate feeding by the farm to minimize weight loss associated with increased nutrient requirements. The patient was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia through transabdominal and thoracic ultrasonography. The diaphragmatic hernia was repaired surgically under general anesthesia.     

Effects of Diet and Weight Gain on Body Condition Scoring in Thoroughbred Geldings

In the horse, the body condition score (BCS) system to assess subcutaneous fat deposition is a useful tool for making feeding management decisions. The system includes assessing fat deposition at six body areas (neck, withers, shoulders, ribs, loin, and tail head) and was developed in Quarter Horse mares. It has not been tested for use on other breeds or genders, possibly compromising the system's ability to describe fat accretion in other classes of horse. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of the previously developed fat accretion characteristics to describe fat deposition in mature Thoroughbred (TB) geldings. An additional goal was to determine whether fewer body areas could be used. Fifteen mature TB geldings were fed for weight gain over an 8-month period on one of two diets and were independently assessed for BCS on a monthly basis by two judges. BCS was determined by averaging the scores that were assigned to each of the six body areas. Fat accretion characteristics were also recorded. Across both diets, the neck area scored significantly higher than the withers and loin (P < 0.05) throughout the study. A BCS derived only from the body areas of neck, shoulders, ribs, and tailhead was found to accurately predict the six body area−derived mean BCS. The results of this study provide justification for modifications of the BCS system for use in TB geldings and also demonstrated that fewer body areas can be used to accurately predict mean BCS.