水稻生长中期群体结构对产量及构成因素的影响

对 8个基肥施氮比例及数量所形成的水稻抽穗期群体结构与产量及构成因素的研究表明 :①水稻抽穗期群体茎鞘重 /叶重比值、茎蘖数、单茎重及倒 3叶长、比叶重、剑叶长决定成熟期产量的 96.0 2 %。②成熟期有效穗主要受抽穗期群体茎蘖数、茎鞘重 /叶重比值及比叶重影响 ;穗总粒数主要受比叶重、茎鞘重 /叶重比值、倒 2叶长及茎蘖数影响 ;穗实粒数主要受茎鞘重 /叶重比值、比叶重、茎蘖数影响 ;千粒重主要受比叶重影响 ,但不显著。③促使穗期群体形成适量的茎蘖数并提高茎鞘重 /叶重比值 ,将作为改进施肥及管理技术的主要依据。④适宜施氮量的 70 %～ 80 %作基肥深施 ,其余作穗肥补施 ,能促使水稻抽穗前形成源库优化型群体而提高产量     

杏毛球蚧产卵量预测预报中的曲线拟合法

杏毛球蚧是绣线菊等园林花卉的重要害虫 ,其产卵多、繁殖强、危害重 ,准确测报发生量 ,是对其防治成败的关键之一。1999年 4～ 6月通过对杏毛球蚧产卵末期虫体重 (x1 )、体长 (x2 )及产卵量 (x3)的测定 ,用计算机软件拟合实际观测值得出了其产卵量与体重的最佳相关方程式为 :^Y =-118880 83 .464 3X3+143 0 488.5 472X2 +610 0 9.45 3 3X +15 .2 0 89,r =0 .9694(r0 .0 1 =0 .4969)。达极显著水平 ,经应用与实际符合     

氟中毒对桑蚕碱性磷酸酶活性及蚕体重的影响

本文通过添食NaF的方法，探讨了氟中毒对天体重及中肠组织ALKP酶活性的影响，蚕品种之间的耐氟性存在显著差异，氟中毒后蚕体重显著降低，NaF对中肠组织ALKP酶有明显的抑制作用，氟中毒后蚕体重变化与中肠组织ALKP酶活性的变化相关性密切，具有同步性，1％Ca^2 对氟化物抑制作用有一定的缓解作用。     

偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐引发甲基丙烯酰胺接枝真丝纤维的反应性及工艺条件研究

对真丝织物接枝增重是改善其抗皱性和耐水洗性能的方法之一。采用偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA)为引发剂,将单体甲基丙烯酰胺(MAA)接枝到真丝纤维上,研究接枝的反应性及工艺因素对真丝织物接枝增重率的影响。通过单因素试验获得引发剂AIBA引发单体MAA接枝真丝纤维的最佳工艺条件是:MAA浓度0.31 mol/L,AIBA浓度2.95 mmol/L,浴比1∶30,反应液pH 9,反应温度80℃,反应时间60 min。当单体MAA和引发剂AIBA的浓度分别为0.31 mol/L、2.95 mmol/L时,真丝纤维的活性基团与单体、引发剂之间的反应性(表观反应速率)Rg=K[MAA]1.58[AIBA]0.21,由此得出单体MAA在水相中接枝真丝纤维的表观活化能为148.46 kJ/mol。     

不同营养调控剂对荷斯坦公牛增重效果的影响

选取42头体重相近的荷斯坦公牛,随机分为7组,每组6头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,调控剂A1、A2、A3组在基础日粮中添加营养调控剂A,添加剂量分别为2g／（d·头）、5g／（d·头）和8g／（d·头）。调控剂B1、B2、B3组在基础日粮中添加营养调控剂B,添加剂量分别为2g／（d·头）、5g／（d·头）和8g／（d·头）。试验结果表明,调控剂A2组和调控剂B2组的平均日增重与对照组相比,分别增加了0．19kg和0．20kg,差异显著（P〈0．05）;以上两组的平均日收入与对照组相比,分别增加了3．57元和3．82元。结果表明,营养调控剂A和营养调控#IB在荷斯坦公牛日粮中添加剂量为5g／（d·头）时,可以促进公牛的增重,提高经济效益。     

木材天然耐腐性室内试验标准方法的研究

采用三种培养基、两种白腐菌、两种褐腐菌对马尾松、毛白杨的天然耐腐性进行了试验。结果表明:砂子锯屑培养基法对采绒革盖菌(Corjolus versicolor)和绵腐卧孔菌(Poiraplacenta)的生长较快,对木材腐朽力,即重量损失较明显。     

半胱胺对普格鸡增重及屠宰性能的影响

以70日龄普格土鸡为研究对象,在基础日粮中分别添加50、70、90、110mg/kg的半胱氨,试验期30d,结果表明,与对照组相比,试验各组体重、屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有所提高,当添加量为90mg/kg时,生长速度最快,饲料利用率最高,屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率提高率最大,差异显著(P<0.05);胸肌率和腿肌率分别提高了10.6%和11.2%,腹脂率下降了12.4%,差异极显著(P<0.01),试验结果表明,在普格土鸡的日粮中添加半胱氨不仅可以提高饲料利用率,还能够提高屠宰率、降低脂肪的含量,对胴体品质具有明显的改善作用。     

杉木种子园中无性系间结实和种子品质差异研究

在观察的31个无性系中丰产的约占20％,产量约占总产30％;中等的占60％弱,产量占54％;低产的占20％强,产量约占17％。结实的广义遗传力hw~2平均0.66。不同无性系在雌雄花比、雌花序结构、球果大小和分枝稠密度等方面存在差异。一般植株“偏雌性”、聚生雌花序占优势,球果大、树冠表面积大而分枝稠密的无性系结实量高;反之,“偏雄性”、单生雌花序为主、球果小、树冠表面积小而分枝稀疏的无性系结实量低。据72个无性系的分析,大粒种子无性系约占21％,中粒的约占47％,小粒的占32％;高发芽率无性系占23.6％,中发芽率的占57％,低发芽率的占19.4％。大粒种子无性系的发芽卒往往高于中、小粒种子无性系;而发芽势有相反趋势。     

Fruit thinning in ‘Conference’ pear grown under deficit irrigation: Implications for fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage

Fruit thinning in pear is feasible for mitigation of water stress effects. However, it is not well known how fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage is affected by pre-harvest water stress. Even less is known about the effects of fruit thinning on quality under these circumstances. To elucidate these, we applied deficit irrigation (DI) and fruit thinning treatments to ‘Conference’ pear over the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. At the onset of Stage II (80 and 67 days before harvest in 2008 and 2009, respectively), two irrigation treatments were applied: full irrigation (FI) and DI. FI trees received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). DI trees received no irrigation during the first three weeks of Stage II to induce water stress, but then received 20% of ETc to ensure tree survival. From bud-break until the onset of Stage II and during post-harvest, FI and DI trees received 100% of ETc. Each irrigation treatment received two thinning levels: no thinning leaving commercial crop load (∼180 fruits tree⁻¹), and hand-thinning at the onset of Stage II leaving a light crop load (∼85 fruits tree⁻¹). Under commercial crop loads, DI trees were moderately water-stressed and this had some positive effects on fruit quality. DI increased fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids concentrations (SSC) and acidity at harvest while no changes were observed in fruit maturity (based on ethylene production). Differences in FF and acidity at harvest between FI and DI fruit were maintained during cold storage. DI also reduced fruit weight loss during storage. But fruit size was reduced under DI. Fruit thinning under DI resulted in better fruit composition with no detrimental effect on fresh-market yield compared to un-thinned fruit. Fruit size at harvest and SSC values after five months of cold storage were higher in fruit from thinned trees than fruit from un-thinned trees. Fruit thinning increased fruit ethylene production, indicating advanced maturity. This may lead to earlier harvest which is desirable in years with impending drought. Fruit thinning is therefore a useful technique to enhance pear marketability under water shortage.