苹果品种‘秦阳’在河南商丘的引种表现及栽培技术

秦阳是西北农林科技大学育成的早熟苹果新品种,2009年在商丘地区引种试栽观察。该品种果实扁圆形,单果重153g,果面着鲜红色,果肉细、脆、多汁,酸甜适口。可溶性固形物含量13.31%,去皮硬度8.72kg/cm2,品质上等。8月上旬成熟,抗病性好,综合性状优,是一个适合在商丘地区推广栽植的优良早熟品种。     

张家口地区奶牛乳腺炎调查及病原菌分离试验

对张家口市奶牛场进行了奶牛乳腺炎调查并对25头患有急性乳腺炎奶牛的64个乳区64份乳样进行细菌分离与鉴定,共分离葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌、棒状杆菌、大肠杆菌、酵母菌6种致病菌,其中,酵母菌最多,占32.81%,葡萄球菌和链球菌之和占40.63%.     

中国主要烟区烟叶烟碱含量差异分析

利用2003、2004年中国科教网化学数据库烤烟烟碱含量的数据,对我国几个主要烟区的烤烟烟碱含量进行了比较分析．同时对各烟区的主要烤烟品种的烟碱含量情况进行了研究。结果表明：我国烤烟烟碱含量地区间差异较大,南方烟区高于北方烟区,烟叶烟碱含量变异程度北方烟区较南方烟区大;同一个烟区不同烤烟品种的烟叶烟碱含量存在一定差异：     

补灌量和覆盖量变化对旱地春小麦叶面积指数的影响

免耕覆盖中补灌量和秸秆覆盖量变化对叶片生长有较大影响,以甘肃省定西市安定区1979—2019年历史气象数据为基础,运用APSIM模型对补灌量与覆盖量耦合变化时旱地春小麦的叶面积指数进行模拟,并采用方差分析、二次多项式回归、单因素分析等方法,研究补灌量和覆盖量对旱地春小麦叶面积的影响机制。结果表明：在试验设计范围内,旱地春小麦叶面积指数随着补灌量变化在分蘖—拔节期呈开口向下的二次抛物线先增后减变化,补灌量在252.09 mm时春小麦叶面积指数出现最大值为1.83,其他各个时期均呈开口向上的二次抛物线递增变化。随着秸秆覆盖量变化,叶面积指数在出苗—分蘖期,呈开口向下的二次抛物线先增后减变化,试验设计范围内秸秆覆盖量为2397.09 kg/hm²时春小麦叶面积指数出现最大值为0.59,分蘖—拔节期呈开口向下的二次抛物线递增变化;其他各个时期均呈开口向上的二次抛物线递增变化。相同阶段下,补灌量每增加50 mm,春小麦叶面积指数最大增幅13.95%;秸秆覆盖量每增加1000 kg/hm²,春小麦叶面积指数最大增幅3.7%。补灌量对春小麦叶面积指数的影响...     

冷凉灌区马铃薯施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

为了明确不同施肥量(复合肥)和种植密度对冷凉灌区马铃薯生长的影响。试验以‘冀张薯12号’为供试品种,开展施肥量与种植密度二因素试验,设3个施肥量(600、1100、1600 kg/hm²)与4个种植密度(5.25万、6万、6.75万、7.5万株/hm²),研究不同施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：增加施肥量能延缓马铃薯生育期,提高种植密度能缩短生育期;随施肥量增大,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值均显著增大;随种植密度增加,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值与产量均表现为先增后减趋势,施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯株高、SPAD值与产量的影响顺序为施肥量>密度;随施肥量和群体种植密度的增加,马铃薯大薯产量、大薯数、产量、水分利用效率均呈先增后减的变化趋势,产量要素之间呈极显著正相关关系,其中,以处理F₂D₃的马铃薯产量与水分利用效率最大。通过二元二次回归分析表明,当施肥量达到1065.366 kg/hm²,种植密度达到6.7...     

移栽期气象条件对大棚草莓的影响

通过对8月29日、9月5日、9月12日移栽的大棚草莓生育期跟踪观测,分析草莓各生育期叶面积、器官干物质含量、单棵产量、总产量和气象条件的关系,研究移栽期气象条件对大棚草莓生长发育的影响。第1批移栽的草莓受连阴雨天气影响时间短,生长状况最好,叶面积指数高,各时期干物质积累均多于第2、3批;第2批受连阴雨影响时间较长,植株生长发育一般,产量也一般;而第3批受连阴雨天气影响时间最长,植株生长受严重影响,株高明显矮于前2批,生长状况也较差,前期营养积累少,果实相对较小。移栽期气象条件对大棚草莓后期生长发育和产量及品质影响较大,尤其是连阴雨天气的影响至关重要。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

江汉平原植棉区春玉米与短季棉套作的种植表现

为探索适宜江汉平原植棉区监利县旱地作物高产高效种植模式,开展了春玉米与短季棉套种模式示范试验。结果表明:春玉米与短季棉套种模式达到了玉米和棉花双丰收的高产效果,经济收益为33000元/hm^2左右,明显高于玉米和棉花的单作收益,是旱地作物结构调整的较好模式。     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

2006－2018年河南省漯河市蛴螬优势种变化及其与秋作物种植面积的关系

为绿色防控蛴螬,于2006-2018年秋作物收获后、小麦播种前,调查河南省漯河市5个区县不同茬口秋作物田内金龟子幼虫种类、虫口密度以及主要秋作物种植面积,同时在漯河市农业科学院试验基地内设置1台黑光灯,监测金龟子成虫的上灯种类和数量。结果表明,2006-2018年,铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta幼虫平均密度由2006年的2.06头/m²下降到2018年的1.01头/m²,所占比例从2006年的94.12%下降到2018年的38.37%;暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela幼虫平均密度由2006年的0.06头/m²上升到2018年的1.59头/m²,所占比例从2006年的2.61%增加到2018年的60.46%,表明金龟子幼虫优势种由铜绿丽金龟变为暗黑鳃金龟。灯下金龟子成虫种类和数量变化与金龟子幼虫变化趋势相同。暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与玉米种植面积、红薯种植面积呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.657和-0.690,暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与大豆种植面积、花生种植面积呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.753和0.657,表明大豆、花生种植面积增加,玉米、红薯种植面积减少,是暗黑鳃金龟成为优势种的主要原因。