澜沧江源区浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用

为了探究澜沧江源区水生态现状与变化趋势,在干流囊谦段布置多昌、扎曲大桥及香达3个监测点,支流选择子曲的下拉秀、尕麻和野吉尼玛3个监测点,共计6个监测点位,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对澜沧江源区干流及其支流浮游植物进行了调查,以期为三江源区水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)记录浮游植物7门、47种,其中硅藻(21种)和绿藻(14种)为主要成分,分别占总种类数的45%和30%;时空差异明显,夏季较秋季种类丰富,支流较干流种类丰富;优势种以硅藻为主,其中针杆藻(Synedra sp.)为两季度绝对优势种;(2)澜沧江源区浮游植物密度为5.4×10~4～230×10~4个/L,平均密度为79×10~4个/L,硅藻贡献最大;时空差异明显,秋季高于夏季,支流高于干流;(3)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)夏季为2.32,秋季为2.72,Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季为0.73,秋季为0.70。研究显示,澜沧江源区水质介于极贫营养至中营养之间,处于轻度污染至无污染状态,水生态状况整体优良。     

基于控制区序列分析河鲈遗传多样性

河鲈为我区优质经济鱼类之一,在我国仅分布于新疆阿勒泰地区。为更好的保护和合理开发利用这一有限资源,我们基于mtDNA控制区序列对额尔齐斯河-乌伦古河水系的5个野生群体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究。PCR-SSCP标记结果显示,18个单倍型分布于5个群体的100个个体中。对这18个单倍型个体的mtDNA控制区序列克隆和测序,最终确定13个单倍型,检测到14个变异位点,占分析序列的1.60%。河鲈总种群表现高的单倍型多样度（0.942±0.034）和偏低的核苷酸多样度（0.00242±0.00450）。Tajima’s D和Fuand Li’s D指数的估算结果显示,河鲈5个群体遗传分化不显著（P〉0.1）,具有较稳定的种群结构。YBW,BEJH和LSW群体间存在着一定的基因流（Nm〉1）,WLGH群体与其他群体间的基因流水平低（Nm〉0.6）,存在着由于遗传漂变而产生分化的危险。5个群体间的单倍型序列差异为0.003,说明单倍型间未出现分化。     

根据mtDNA控制区序列分析野生唇 的种群遗传结构

为了掌握不同地理种群唇(鱼骨)(Hemibarbu labeo)的遗传多样性和遗传结构,探讨其亲缘地理演化过程,研究分析了乌苏里江、长江、黑龙江、鸭绿江和牡丹江5大水系,8个地理群体(n=42)的mtDNA控制区404 bp片段的变异,该片段共有26个变异位点,变异率为6.43%,平均核苷酸多样性为0.011 5.42尾样本共检测到18个单倍型,这8个地理群体是以HT1和HT2单倍型为中心向外辐射演化的.AMOVA分析结果表明,群体内变异为59.29%,同一水系群体间变异为23.50%,不同水系群体间变异为17.20%,以上变异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05),群体间配对FST分析结果表明,同一水系内有些群体间差异也达到了显著水平.聚类分析发现,最大简约法(MP)和最大似然率法(ML)结果基本一致,嘉荫群体(HRJY)和四川群体(YRSC)绝大部分个体被聚在一支,鸭绿江群体(YRLJ)聚在一支,这与单倍型网络的分析结果一致,以上结果表明唇(鱼骨)的遗传多样较为丰富,黑龙江流域的唇(鱼骨)保持了祖先单倍型,其他地理群体为黑龙江流域内群体向不同方向演化的结果,并且部分地理群体已经形成了特有的单倍型.     

2003年春季东海区浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成及数量分布

本文分析研究了2003年春季东海区(27°00′～34°00′N)150m以浅海域浮性鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定49种鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼,其中31种鉴定到种,隶属于26科、29属。优势种类为日本鳀、方氏云鳚、太平洋鲱。带鱼、小黄鱼等经济鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量少,鲱形目鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量较多。鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布主要在近海禁渔线附近海域。     

长江上游中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅线粒体遗传多样性研究

为了解中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)遗传多样性,本研究采用线粒体DNA控制区序列,对长江上游巴南、江津、合江、宜宾、犍为、巧家、宁南和攀枝花等8个群体的中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及巴南、合江和犍为3个群体的短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)的遗传多样性进行研究。结果显示:中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅的遗传结构存在差异,中华金沙鳅的遗传多样性较高,单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.999和0.0182;而短身金沙鳅的遗传多样性水平较低(Hd:0.411,Pi:0.0005)。分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)显示两种鱼均无显著地理遗传分化,但单倍型系统发育树和网络结构图揭示了中华金沙鳅存在群体内遗传分化,形成三个谱系,表明缺乏长期亚群体隔离和高水平基因流。中性检验和Bayesian skyline plot(BSP)结果表明,中华金沙鳅在历史上曾发生过群体扩张事件,扩张时间约在10万~17万年前。     

Feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the transition region of the central North Pacific

ABSTRACT:   The feeding habits of albacore Thunnus alalunga (fork length: 48.9–76.2 cm, n  = 132) were examined from late spring to early autumn in relation to its northward migration in the transition region between the subtropical and subarctic fronts in the central North Pacific. Samples were collected at night using surface gill nets or during daytime pole-and-line surveys in 2001 and 2002. During May and June, albacore fed mainly on Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus , which accounted for 27.2%, 67.0%, and 45.5% of the total stomach contents by number ( Cn ), wet weight ( WW ), and frequency of occurrence ( F ), respectively, and secondarily on the subarctic gonatid squid Gonatopsis borealis ( Cn , 15.8%; WW , 10.8%; F , 28.8%). From July to September, albacore continued to depend on Japanese anchovy ( Cn , 48.2–52.8%; WW , 79.9–95.2%; F , 27.8–85.4%). These results corresponded well with the remarkable rebound of the Japanese anchovy stock since the 1990s. Gonatopsis borealis , the main squid prey from May to June, almost disappeared from the stomachs of albacore from July to September, probably due to the northward migration of this squid to subarctic waters in summer. The feeding impact of albacore on the Japanese anchovy stock in the transition region was conservatively estimated to be from 1400 to 2100 tons per day from late spring to early autumn.     

泥鳅线粒体DNA控制区结构分析及遗传多样性研究

采用PCR和DNA测序技术对4个泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）群体的线粒体DNA控制区序列进行比较,研究其遗传多样性和控制区的结构。结果显示,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区片段序列为918～920bp。32个序列中共发现了56个多态位点,其中32个转换位点,19个颠换位点,5个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,定义了32种单倍型。同时对控制区结构进行分析,识别了其终止序列区（ETAS）、中央保守区（CD）和保守序列区（CSB）的关键序列。4个地理群体的单倍型多样性（Hd）、核苷酸多样性（Pi）和平均核苷酸差异数（K）分别为0．992、0．012和10．698。群体间的平均Kimura双参数遗传距离（Kimura 2-parameter distance,K2-P）、遗传分化指数（Fst）、基因交流值（Nm）和分子方差分析（AMOVA）均表明4个泥鳅群体具有较高的遗传分化,基因交流贫乏。利用核苷酸序列构建的NJ分子系统树揭示4个群体分为2个谱系,除范县群体外,其余各群体间相互交叉聚集。     

Species identification method for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scombrops boops</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scombrops gilberti</Emphasis> based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA

ABSTRACT:   Gnomefish Scombrops boops and Scombrops gilberti are commercially important fishes in Japan, but these species are often confused in the markets because of their morphological similarity. To identify these two species, we performed nucleotide sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and the control region in mitochondrial DNA. Five and 12 nucleotide substitutions were observed between species in the 777-bp 16S rRNA gene and 471-bp control region, respectively. Diagnostic restriction sites for discriminating between S. boops and S. gilberti were found in the 16S rRNA gene, but not in the control region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–RFLP analysis using two enzymes, Eco NI and Mva I, clearly discriminated between S. boops and S. gilberti identified by meristic characters. The PCR–RFLP analysis identified most of the 168 Scombrops young caught in the coastal waters of the Izu and Miura peninsulas as S. boops , suggesting that S. gilberti juveniles are rare in this area.     

Molecular typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from fish

The genetic variability among Streptococcus agalactiae isolates recovered from fish was characterized using single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the intergenic spacer region (ISR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. A total of 46 S. agalactiae cultures isolated from different fish species and geographic origins as well as related reference strains were included in the study. ISR-SSCP divided the S. agalactiae isolates analysed into five distinct genotypes. Genotype 1 grouped all Kuwait isolates while genotype 4 clustered the majority of non-Kuwait isolates (USA, Brazil and Honduras). AFLP analysis offered a higher resolution level by dividing the isolates into 13 different genotypes. Two different AFLP profiles were identified within the Kuwait isolates. When data from both ISR-SSCP and AFLP were combined through a multidimensional analysis (MDS), a good correlation between geographical origin and genotypes was observed. Both AFLP and ISR-SSCP revealed genetic differences between S. agalactiae isolates from fish. While AFLP offered a higher resolution, ISR-SSCP also provided valid information being a simpler and faster method.