基于Web 2.0的农业信息服务平台研究

针对我国农业信息服务平台网站建设存在的问题,从理论和技术层面对农业信息服务平台建设的可行性进行了分析,在此基础上提出了我国农业信息服务平台网站发展的模式,以及新形势下农业信息服务平台网站建设的策略。     

高校新读者图书个性化推荐服务研究

[目的/意义]针对阻碍高校智慧图书馆对新读者进行图书个性化推荐的用户冷启动问题,提出一种面向新读者的高校图书馆个性化推荐方法,为智慧型高校图书馆开展图书个性化推荐服务、提高新读者借阅率提供切实可行的方案。[方法/过程]以北华大学图书馆借阅流通大数据进行数据挖掘,得出属性相似的新读者和已有读者具有相似借阅偏好的结论。然后,通过奇异值分解解决数据稀疏问题,采用基于欧氏距离的蚁群算法对新读者与已有读者聚类,搭建了新读者和已有读者之间关系的桥梁。最后将已有读者借阅的图书采取Top-N算法对新读者推荐。[结果/结论]以2017级读者为实验对象,选取了3个学院的44名读者,用所提出的算法进行了实验检验。实验结果表明新算法推荐效果显著,操作简单可行,为后续个性化推荐工作奠定了基础。     

基于Web of Science的2000—2021年堆肥氨挥发研究的文献计量分析

为了解国内外堆肥氨挥发领域的发展历程以及未来的发展态势,以“composting or compost”、“ammonia or NH₃”和 “emission or volatilization”等为主题词,搜索Web of Science核心合集数据库,并利用VOSviewer、CiteSpace等可视化分析软件,对 2000—2021年国内外发文量的变化趋势、主要研究机构、高被引文章、研究热点与前沿进行可视化分析。结果表明:2000—2011年,全球堆肥氨挥发领域年发文量较少且平稳。自2012年开始,中国在堆肥氨挥发领域发文量快速增长,目前中国的发文量居世界首位;中国农业大学在堆肥氨挥发领域的发文量和总被引频次均位列世界第一,西北农林科技大学和巴塞罗那大学篇均被引次数较高。该领域研究热点主要为畜禽粪便、污泥等富含蛋白质的堆肥原料、堆体自身理化性质与外部环境等氨挥发的主要影响因素、堆肥添加剂以及堆肥工艺调控减排措施与机理。2000—2010年,生物过滤技术被用于减少堆肥氨排放,且温度被认为是影响堆肥氨挥发的重要因素;2011—2021年氨气、氧化亚氮、生物炭成为热点关键词,生物炭作为改良剂减少氨挥发与温室气体排放成为研究人员关注的热点。从关键词突现图谱可以看出,生物炭(biochar)突现强度高,突现年份近,这是近五年的热点,有可能是未来研究的热点。研究发现,新型低成本、可回收调理剂的开发与应用、生物炭等调理剂固定的氮素的稳定性、以及含氮气体、含硫臭气、温室气体与重金属、抗生素、抗性基因等多种性质污染物的协同控制可作为未来的研究前沿。综上,本研究可为了解2000—2021年来堆肥氨挥发领域的发展态势提供参考,并且为堆肥氨挥发研究领域未来提供启发。     

无人机农林业应用全球研究态势分析

无人机具有作业效率高、地形适应性好等独特优势，近年在农林业中应用范围不断扩大，相关研究成果数量呈快速上升式发展。为掌握无人机农林应用全球研究态势，本研究采集2011—2020年期间Web of Science 核心合集数据库中无人机农林应用全球研究相关文献数据，利用VOSviewer等统计软件对文献进行科学计量分析。分析结果表明，自2017年开始，无人机农林业应用研究发文数量快速增加，全球已有94个国家/地区、1778个机构开展了研究；发文量排名前三位的国家依次是美国、中国和澳大利亚，表明这三个国家从事无人机农林业应用的科研实力强，学术影响力大；共有398种期刊发表了有关无人机农林业应用研究文章，约占全部收录期刊的1.90%，说明更多的期刊开始关注无人机农林业应用研究；发文最多的期刊是由MDPI主办的Remote Sensing；被引次数最多的文章内容主要是关注无人机系统在摄影测量和遥感上的传感、导航、定位和通用数据处理等的研究现状。此外，对无人机农林业应用研究热点进行分析发现，无人机施药、无人机病虫害遥感、植物表型获取是无人机农林业应用的主要研究热点。本研究可为无人机在农林业上的创新研究、科研团队之间的合作提供参考。     

教学资源类网站用户行为跟踪的实现

本文通过教育教学类网站的跟踪,主要对用户所访问的网页、及其对所含对象的时间与频次数据的分析,将收集到的数据以图表的形式呈现给网络课程开发人员,使其对教学网站进行优化,方便教育资源使用者学习。     

森林景观信息网络化简介及其应用

介绍应用国际互联网传播森林景观信息和网上旅游服务概况,论述了森林景观数字信息的几种计算机实现方法,并展望森林景观信息网络化前景。     

基于WEB的C语言程序设计网络教学平台的实现

介绍一个基于Internet的C语言程序设计多媒体教学平台．包括采用流媒体技术实现在线授课并提供在线讨论区,以满足学生讨论及解答之需。精心设汁的C语言慨念的动态演示和在线测试帮助学生学习C语言程序设汁知识;网上提交作业实现了整个教学电子化和网络化,营造学习C语言的网络环境,从而实现互动循环的网上教学方式。     

Sub-group formation and the adoption of the alternate wetting and drying irrigation method for rice in China

Using group-level and household-level data collected in 2006-2007 in two districts in Hubei Province of China, we investigate social capital and water source variables and assess the factors influencing the formation of a sub-group, which is a sub-set of the original water user group (WUG). We use a probit model and regression analysis to examine the impact of sub-group formation on the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Results show that when social capital is strong, farmers tend not to form sub-groups because strong social capital can prevent overuse of water. However, when social capital in a group is weak, farmers need to avoid overuse of water by forming a sub-group. Therefore, if farmers in the group of weak social capital are physically constrained and thus fail to form a sub-group, overuse of water is more likely. Such failure occurs when the existence of many water sources physically prevents farmers from forming a sub-group. We also found that when social capital is strong, farmers adopt the AWD practice even without forming a sub-group.     

Empirical assessment of water management institutions in northern China

We examine the development of irrigation management in northern China using data from village and household panels. During the past decade, reform-oriented institutions, such as water user associations and contracting, have largely replaced the traditional institution of collective management in village-level irrigation systems. A feature unique to China is that water user associations and contractors are provided with monetary incentives to save water. Water user associations have not yet achieved the broad-based participation of farmers that some advocates consider as a primary goal for forming the associations. Many village leaders serve also as the leaders of water user associations, thus possibly reducing opportunities for receiving operational input and policy direction from farmers. However, we observe improved performance of irrigation systems managed by water user associations, relative to collective management, in terms of maintenance expenditures, the timeliness of water deliveries, and the rates of fee collection. Performance has improved also in systems managed by contractors, although not as substantially as in the case of water user associations.     

Evidence of scientific research on organic plant breeding: A bibliometric study

Use of varieties bred under organic conditions is essential in order to minimize the yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. The aim of this study was to analyse research publications related to the topic ‘organic plant breeding’ from the Web of Science database using bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. The number of analysed documents in the bibliographic dataset was 204 from the 53 sources. The overall trend in the organic plant breeding literature showed that the number of publications increased during the observed time-span. We found that in total, 65 countries and 337 institutions are active in the field of organic plant breeding with a high degree of international collaboration. The top five countries according to the number of publications were the United States, Italy, Germany, France, and Canada, while the most active institutions were Wageningen University, Iowa State University, University of Alberta, University of Copenhagen, and University of Hohenheim. All keywords from the organic plant breeding research in the agronomy category were separated into seven clusters for different research topics. Although there is evident progress viewed through the increased trend in the number of publications, organic plant breeding needs further expansion and development. This is especially through the implementation of novel plant breeding techniques and methods aiming to improve traits that are highly specific to organic conditions.