桑树试管苗生根因素研究

提高试管苗生根率是桑树快速繁殖的关键因素。本实验调查桑子叶试管苗在各种不同条件下的生根情况，探索桑树试管苗的最佳生根条件。实验表明，以1／2MS＋IBA1或1／4MS＋IBA1为基本培养基，肌醇浓度为0.15-0.3g/l，在光照强度2000LX，光照时间12小时，培养温度28℃的培养条件下，桑试管苗平均生根率可达98％，驯化后移栽的成活率在96％以上。     

草地早熟禾新格莱德胚性愈伤组织原生质体培养及植株再生的研究

以草地早熟禾品种——新格莱德成熟种子为供试材料,在含3.0mg/L2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、0.5mg/L6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)的MB₅培养基中进行胚性愈伤组织诱导的培养。并从生长了7～9个月的胚性愈伤组织中分离出原生质体,将该原生质体置于KM₈P培养基(含3.0mg/L2,4-D、0.5mg/L6-BA、100mg/L水解酪蛋白、100mg/L水解乳蛋白、1%蔗糖、0.4mol/L甘露醇)中进行了液体浅层培养。结果表明,新格莱德原生质体在上述KM₈P培养基中培养3d后出现第1次细胞分裂,2～3周后形成小细胞团,此时添加低渗培养液2～3次,小细胞团持续分裂并形成愈伤组织。当愈伤组织块长至3～5mm时,转入固体培养基MS+3.0mg/L2,4-D+0.5mg/L6-BA和MS+0.5mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)+5.0mg/L6-BA上进行培养,使其细胞增殖和分化,且逐步形成完整的植株。     

Purified Culture Systems for Bovine Oviductal Stromal Cells

Isolated stromal cells from the ampullary and isthmic parts of bovine oviductal tissues were cultured in monolayer and spheroid (cell aggregate) systems. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) plays a crucial role in oviductal contraction and is produced by oviductal epithelial cells in cattle. Since stromal cells of many organs produce PGF, PGF production by bovine oviductal stromal cells was investigated. After PGF synthesis was confirmed, the utility of isolation and culture methods for oviductal stromal cells was evaluated by PGF production in the present study. The homogeneity of the cells was > 99%. PGF production of the cells was increased by tumor necrosis factor-α. The stromal cells aggregated and formed a spheroid by the treatments with several reagents. PGF production was higher in the spheroid culture than in the monolayer culture. The isolation and culture methods described here will facilitate studies of the physiological function of bovine oviductal stromal cells.     

无血清培养基IVD101和G1/G2在牛体细胞核移植中的应用研究

通过考察牛体细胞核移植重构胚在无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）条件下培养的囊胚发育率及其质量,从而评估无血清培养基支持牛体细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的能力。采用IVD101和G1／G2对牛体细胞核移植胚胎进行体外培养,并以CR1aa＋5％FBS作为对照组。无血清培养基IVD101和G1／G2的囊胚发育率与对照组无显著性差异（41．2％±9．1％、42．2％±10．8％,48．0％±9．2％,P〉0．05）。通过囊胚差异染色和冷冻／解冻胚胎存活率分析胚胎质量,发现无血清培养基ICM／Total略低于对照组（31．8％±10．5％、29．5％±11．9％vs ．33．0％±14．8％）,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;3个组别的囊胚经程序化冷冻／解冻后无血清培养基的存活率（IVD101、G1／G2）略高于对照组,但差异不显著（84．8％、80．4％＇US．77．3％,P〉0．05）。结果证明无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）可以支持体细胞核移植重构胚的体外发育,且其对程序化冷冻的耐受性与添加血清组（CR1aa＋5％FBS）相似。     

Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes

Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.Purdue Univ., Agronomy Dept., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.     

臭马比木茎段培养中污染控制和防褐化研究

研究了臭马比木（Nothapodytes nimmonian）组织培养过程中的防污染和防褐化问题。结果表明：在3~4月份取1 年生嫩茎进行诱导,外植体的污染率最低、为17.5%,褐化枯死率为39.2%,诱导率为43.3%,诱导效果最佳;在4个茎段部位中,半木质化茎段的诱导效果最好,诱导率为51.7%;低温预处理外植体对污染的控制效果不明显;0.1% HgCl2 8 min+50 mg/L 噻孢霉素30min 的消毒效果最好;在培养基中添加活性炭1.2 g/L+聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）2.0 g/L对外植体的防褐化效果最好,褐化率由对照的48.3%下降到25.0%。     

玉米种子培养皿法发芽试验误差分析

培养皿法是玉米种子发芽试验常采用快捷方便的方法,但此方法的发芽率比较低、变异系数较大,不能反映种子本来固有的发芽水平。对此,笔者进行了培养皿法发芽试验的研究,结果表明,在培养皿内种胚向下是造成发芽率低和变异系数大的原因,若将种胚全部向上置放,就能减少发芽率的误差,体现出玉米种子的正常发芽水平。     

Expression Pattern of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Folliculogenesis and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Follicles after Ovarian Organ Culture

In this study, the expressions of VEGF in dog follicles were detected by immunohistochemistry and the effects of VEGF treatment on the primordial to primary follicle transition and on subsequent follicle progression were examined using a dog ovary organ culture system. The frozen‐thawed canine ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 7 and 14 days in presence or absence of VEGF. After culture, the ovaries were fixed, sectioned, stained and counted for morphologic analysis. The results showed that VEGF was expressed in the theca cells of antral follicles and in the granulosa cells nearest the oocyte in preantral follicle but not in granulosa cells of primordial and primary follicles; however, the VEGF protein was expressed in CL. After in vitro culture, VEGF caused a decrease in the number of primordial follicles and concomitant increase in the number of primary follicles that showed growth initiation and reached the secondary and preantral stages of development after 7 and 14 days. Follicular viability was also improved in the presence of VEGF after 7 and 14 days in culture. In conclusion, treatment with VEGF was found to promote the activation of primordial follicle development that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development in dogs.     

龙牙楤木组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

对龙牙木匆心 木 [Araliaelata (Miq)Seen]的叶片、叶柄和幼茎进行组织培养 ,结果表明 :用叶片进行组织培养的效果最好 ,愈伤组织最高诱导率达 3 7.1%;最适诱导培养基为MS +6-BA 1.0mg/L +2 ,4-D 1.0mg/L ;最适分化培养基为MS +6-BA 2 .0mg/L +2 ,4-D 1.0mg/L ;最好的继代增殖材料为幼根。试验还发现 :用 40 μg/L的硫酸链霉素可以有效防止细菌的污染 ;5g/L的活性炭防止褐变效果最好 ;把握好琼脂的用量及适当降低 6-BA的含量可以降低玻璃化现象的发生频率。     

籼型杂交稻幼穗离体培养及再生植株诱导

籼型杂交稻组合“汕优23选”为新的具高培养力的材料,其幼穗愈伤组织诱导率约为80%,绿苗得率高达970.8%。幼穗离体培养选材以穗长2cm 以下(幼穗分化第3～4期)为宜。MN 和 N_6两种培养基适用于籼型杂交稻的幼穗离体培养,以 MN(诱导)→N_6(继代)→MN(分化)的培养基替换方式,对愈伤组织的继代培养和绿苗分化具有良好效果。采用KT 2mg/L+BA 1mg/L+IAA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L 的激素配比,有效地提高了绿苗分化率。通过幼穗离体培养,可迅速和大量地获得再生植株,这对开展水稻组培育种和体细胞遗传学研究具有一定意义。