盐分对碱茅种子发芽影响的机制

耐碱茅种子在盐（NaCl与Na2SO4）及干旱（PEG－6000模拟）胁迫下发芽及其机制的比较研究表明，种子发芽率随溶液渗透势的降低而下降，在等渗条件下三种溶液中的发芽率次序为Na2SO4＞NaCl＞PEG。NaCl与Na2SO4主要通过影响种子吸水量及对膜的毒性影响发芽，根据相关及通径分析结果，其机制为：（1）溶液渗透势及Na+浓度决定的种子吸水对发芽的直接正效应（通径系数0．73）；（2）溶液Na+浓度引起的膜毒性对发芽的直接负效应（－0．51）；（3）种子从溶液中吸收Na使种子吸水增加对发芽的间接正效应（0．30）及使膜毒性增大对发芽的间接负效应（－0．24）。     

叶面喷施抗蒸剂对苹果树水分状态的影响

研究了叶面喷施抗蒸剂对盆栽苹果水分状态的影响。结果表明：抗旱剂一号（主要成分为黄腐酸）可明显降低树体蒸腾（最低时为对照的３９．２１％）、提高气孔阻力（最大时为对照的２４３．９６％）和叶片水势（一般比对照提高０．２－０．４ＭＰａ、最大０．７ＭＰａ），并对叶温未产生明显的影响（变化一般小于１℃），有效作用期长达１５ｄ以上。在果树旱期喷施，可明显改善树体水分状态。腐殖酸效果不明显。     

沙区五种珍稀濒危植物水分生理指标测定及分析

本文在测定沙区５种珍稀濒危植物的水分生理指标的基础上，分析了其抗旱性，意在探讨适应干旱环境的特性。研究结果表明：矮沙冬青保水能力与吸水能力强，对干燥炎热的环境有很强的适应性；银沙槐蒸腾强度大，失水快，但吸水力强，补偿水分快；裸果木通过强的保水力适应干旱；绵刺以强的吸水力和抗脱水力适应环境；准噶尔无叶豆以体内水分自我调节作用适应大气干旱。     

干旱区20个紫花苜蓿品种抗旱性研究

该试验测定了20个苜蓿品种的水势、总含水量、自由水量、束缚水量、束/自比以及渗透调节物质.从植物水分生理与生化方面,测试各品种的抗旱性,并结合产草量、品质进行综合评价.从中选出5～6个抗旱性较强、产草量高、品质较好的苜蓿品种,为干旱区选择适宜的苜蓿品种提供具有实用价值的基础资料.     

Periodicity and gradients in dispersal ofAlternaria linicola in linseed crops

Conidia ofAlternaria linicola produced on infected linseed crops were mainly dispersed by wind. The numbers of conidia in the air above linseed crops collected by a Burkard spore sampler were greatest between 1200 h and 1300 h, when the relative humidity was lowest. Although numbers of conidia collected decreased with increasing height within and above the crop canopy, air-borneA. linicola conidia were present up to 80 cm above the crop canopy. Conidia ofA. linicola were transported by wind up to at least 40 m downwind from an artificial line inoculum source, but their numbers decreased with increasing distance from the source. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, the dispersal ofA. linicola conidia above linseed crops followed a seasonal periodicity which was influenced by weather conditions and cultural practices. The greatest numbers of conidia were collected during July, August and early September and coincided with periods favourable for sporulation and with an increase in the incidence of the disease in the senescent crop. Air-borneA. linicola conidia produced on point or line inoculum sources (naturally infected linseed stem debris) were responsible for the spread of the disease in linseed crops. In 1992 and 1993, the disease was first detected downwind from the sources, but by the end of the growing seasons, it had spread in all directions and up to 20 m and 60 m from the sources, respectively. Disease gradients were initially steep near the inoculum sources but they became flatter with time due to the secondary spread of the disease.     

膜下滴灌量对甜瓜产量和品质的影响

开展不同滴灌量对甜瓜品质影响的研究,对于新疆等西北干旱地区生产优质甜瓜、节约水资源具有重要意义。膜下不同滴灌处理对甜瓜品质的影响研究结果表明:在新疆的气候条件下,田间持水量70%-80%的处理,甜瓜品质表现较好,8601和新密19可溶性固形物含量达到13.69%和16.75%,维生素C含量分别达到8.05、12.55mg/kg,小区产量也分别高于其他处理。     

水分管理方式对香根草生长发育的影响

对四种不同的水分管理条件下香根草生长研究发现：香根草最适宜在土壤水分饱和的湿润环境中生长,这时它的成活率最高,分蘖速度最快,植株高度生长也最快,定植后3个月,其对应的根体积、根干生物量、茎叶干生物量和根茎比也最高。     

山区农业面源污染的防治途径及对策

结合重庆市地形地貌特点和山区农业面源污染发生的因子，提出山区农业面源污染的防治对策。一方面必需结合当地的自然环境条件和经济发展水平提出农业面源污染的防治规划；另一方面必需结合生态农业建设这一主线，使物质、能量在生态系统内良性循环。紧紧抓住产生农业面源污染源的因子——化肥、农药、农田秸杆、畜禽粪便、农村生活废物等，提出科学的防治和减少途径。     

Alternative Route of Infection for Bacterial Seedling Blight of Rice Caused by Burkholderia plantarii

Burkholderia plantarii , the pathogen of bacterial seedling blight of rice, was detected in paddy water. Its concentration rose in July and August. The bacterial concentration in the paddy water was always higher along levees than at distances more than 5 m from levees. Confirmed to be released into water when graminaceous weeds were immersed, B. plantarii survived for at least 4 days at 30°C. B. plantarii was splashed at least 30 cm upward by rain splash in the field. Harvested seeds, which had been sprayed with B. plantarii released from graminaceous weeds at the flowering stage, retained the bacteria. Bacterial seedling blight occurred when the seeds were then sown in nursery boxes. These results indicated that graminaceous weeds growing on levees of paddy fields are a source of infection of the disease and that rice seeds are infected through the paddy water. Received 23 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 2002     

不同碳源对虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值的影响

测定了四种碳源对虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值的影响。结果表明，以玉米淀粉为碳源，虎奶薅菌蛋白质的化学评分，必需氨基酸指数，生物价和营养指数分别为11．63、69．80、64．40和9．98，均居四种参试碳源的第一位；氨基酸评分和氨基酸比值系数分分别为14．55和12．45，均居四种参试碳源的第二位，这些结果证实，以玉米淀粉为碳源，虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值高，值得推广应用。