裸燕麦不同生育时期对干旱胁迫后复水的响应

为给裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)高效节水生产提供理论和技术支持,在温室盆栽条件下,研究了裸燕麦持续性干旱胁迫后不同生育时期复水的生理响应。结果表明,拔节-抽穗期内复水较正常供水处理显著(P<0.05)提高株高6.57%～7.67%,其他时期复水株高与正常供水处理差异不显著(P>0.05);拔节-孕穗期和抽穗-灌浆期内复水,裸燕麦功能叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Ci)、胞间CO2浓度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合参数均表现出补偿或超补偿效应,灌浆期后复水无法恢复叶片正常光合能力;拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期复水,较持续干旱胁迫处理显著提高裸燕麦籽粒产量,产量增幅分别为14.29%、152.38%、66.67%和32.80%;孕穗-灌浆期复水有利于提高灌溉水利用效率。说明裸燕麦持续干旱胁迫后孕穗期和抽穗期复水对植株生长、功能叶片光合能力和产量的补偿效应明显,有利于灌溉水高效利用。     

灌水时期和数量对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

为确定高产麦田的适宜灌水时期和数量,在池栽试验条件下,选用中筋小麦品种泰山23,研究了灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响.结果表明:(1)灌底墒水60 mm和拔节中期水30 mm的W1处理籽粒产量和水分利用效率较高,分别为7 727.10 kg·ha-1和18.69 kg·ha-1·mm-1,灌溉水利用效率最高.灌底墒水、拔节后期水和灌浆期水各60 mm的W5处理的籽粒产量最高,为8 494.50 kg·ha-1;水分利用效率与W1处理无显著差异.(2)W1处理和W5处理的总耗水量分别为413.46和464.91 mm;灌溉量、降水量、土壤贮水耗水量分别占总耗水量的比例为21.77%、41.43%、36.80%和38.72%、36.85%、24.44%,W1处理提高了对降水和土壤贮水的利用比例,而W5处理提高了对灌溉水的利用比例.(3)W1处理全生育期0～200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量最高,为152.16 mm,并且深层100～180 cm各土层的土壤贮水消耗量均显著高于其他处理,而W5处理全生育期0～200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量最低,为113.61 mm.     

Grain number and grain weight in wheat lines contrasting for stem water soluble carbohydrate concentration

In wheat, the ability to store and remobilise large amounts of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) to grain constitutes a desirable trait to incorporate into germplasm targeted to regions with frequent terminal drought. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationships between WSC storage, grain number and grain weight across several environments. A small set of recombinant inbred lines (2–4) contrasting in stem WSC were grown in six field trials where water availability, sowing date and/or N level were manipulated, with line yields ranging from 400 to 850 g m⁻² across experiments. Biomass, N and WSC concentration (WSCc, mg g⁻¹ dry weight) and amount (WSCa, g m⁻²) were monitored. A resource-oriented area-based model [Fischer, R.A., 1984. Growth and yield of wheat. In: Smith, W.H., Bante, S.J. (Eds.), Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, pp. 129–154] and intrinsic rates of organ growth were used to investigate the consequences on grain number of potential competition between spike and stem around flowering.     

灌水对黄淮海冬小麦叶片光合特性的影响

为了解灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦光合特性的影响,以周麦18、豫农202、豫麦49、郑麦366、矮抗58等5个黄淮海主栽冬小麦品种为材料,比较和分析了越冬水、越冬水+拔节水、越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水3个不同灌水处理下冬小麦开花后叶面积指数、旗叶叶绿素含量、光合参数及水分利用效率的特点。结果表明,随灌水次数减少,小麦灌浆期叶片光合功能衰退加快,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量下降,旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率减小,胞间二氧化碳浓度增加,光合作用受非气孔因素的限制增大,同时叶片水分利用效率增加。在不同灌水条件下,矮抗58和郑麦366叶片水分利用效率均较高,而周麦18、豫麦49和豫农202叶片水分利用效率均较低。     

《中南林业调查规划》性质及学科分类

根据期刊性质和学科分类方法,以文献数量对《中南林业调查规划》进行分类,以明确其性质和学科归属。研究表明,《中南林业调查规划》2010年刊登的论文以学术性为主,林业类文献占当年文献总量的的56.52%,其余学科文献量较少,不能划入相应学科,因此应将该刊归类为林业类专业学术期刊。     

基于水资源循环经济理念的新疆生态环境可持续发展初探

借鉴循环经济的理念,在丰富和发展水资源循环经济4R原则与内涵的基础上,初步探讨实现新疆生态环境可持续发展的必要途径。     

Fish-based methods for assessing European running waters: a synthesis

Abstract  The European Union, Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires monitoring of riverine fish fauna. When the WFD came into force in 2000, most of the EU member states did not have fish-based assessment methods compliant to WFD requirements. Therefore, the objectives of FAME ( http://fame.boku.ac.at ), a project under the fifth R&D Framework Programme of the European Commission were to develop, evaluate and implement a standardised fish-based method for assessing the ecological status of European running waters. This paper synthesises the outputs of FAME and defines future research needs. Two different methodologies were used: the so-called spatially based modelling and the site-specific modelling, the latter leading to the European Fish Index (EFI). The advantage of the EFI is that, despite being a single index, it is applicable to a wide range of environmental conditions across Europe precluding the need for inter-calibration. The EFI will support the WFD towards harmonised/standardised assessment and management of running waters in Europe, thus enabling comparative analyses of the ecological status of running waters across Europe.     

建筑施工企业培训工作的量化管理研究

主要针对建筑施工企业培训工作中普遍存在管理不规范、缺乏量化管理指标等一系列问题,制定了“培训方案”、“培训计划变更表”、“培训登记表”等规范化表格,以及需求人数、培训覆盖率、培训贡献率、培训百分比等量化指标,提出了建立一套适合建筑施工企业培训工作开展的规范化、量化管理体系的方法。     

水分胁迫期间及解除胁迫后对胡萝卜生长及叶细胞结构的影响

以盆栽胡萝卜品种向阳二号为材料,研究不同程度水分胁迫及胁迫解除后对胡萝卜生长的影响,旨在为胡萝卜耐旱栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,水分胁迫对胡萝卜的生长影响很大,当缺水严重时,叶片及根的生长均受到明显抑制,使苗的生长量、干物质积累及含水量显著下降。而且即使解除胁迫后其生长及各项指标也难以恢复。水分胁迫对叶细胞结构也有很大影响,随着水分胁迫程度的增强,细胞核数量减少,核缩小、变形或降解,解除胁迫以后也很难恢复。