鲜猪肉病原菌污染研究进展

鲜猪肉病原菌污染是引起食源性中毒因素之一,近年来有愈演愈烈趋势。论文从鲜猪肉病原菌污染种类(革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌)、污染来源(内源性和外源性)、检测技术(病原学、免疫学、分子生物学和光谱学)和控制措施(源头环节控制、加工环节控制和流通销售环节控制)等四个方面进行了综述,以期为鲜猪肉的卫生安全保障提供参考。     

牛鞭草种质资源在中国的分布及其人工草地建植技术

牛鞭草为一种高大型C4禾草,其分布较广,主要分布在热带、亚热带和北半球的温带湿润地区。牛鞭草在我国已知的有4种,各种的分布有所不同。牛鞭草由于适应性广、耐刈割、产量高、品质好,被广泛种植,但由于长期单一种植造成草地严重退化,从而影响了该草的产量和品质,因此本文还从牛鞭草的建植和管理技术方面作了一定的论述。     

用响应面分析法优化桑叶水溶性多糖的提取工艺

为了高效提取桑叶中的水溶性多糖,通过单因素试验考察了提取温度、提取时间、原料质量浓度和提取次数对多糖得率的影响,然后采用响应面分析法优化桑叶水溶性多糖的提取工艺。以提取温度和原料质量浓度为主要因素进行中心组合试验,建立了多糖得率测算模型的回归方程,确认提取温度和原料质量浓度对多糖得率都有显著影响。优化后的提取工艺在温度90℃、提取时间80 min、原料质量浓度0.042 g/mL的条件下提取1次,桑叶水溶性多糖的最高得率达到1.92%。     

香蕉酸奶的研究

介绍了凝固型香蕉酸奶的营养成分、加工工艺及其保健作用,并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

变性高效液相色谱检测技术在微生物领域的应用

变性高效液相色谱法（DHPLC）是一种高通量筛选DNA序列变异的新技术。本文从该技术的工作原理、主要特点以及其在耐药检测、基因分型和鉴定、混合微生物分离鉴定等微生物领域的应用方面作了较详细的综述。     

Sonographic characteristics of goat testis on water bath based ultrasonography

Assessing the health of the testes in domestic animals is an important aspect of the breeding soundness examination and selection. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple method for scanning and to establish ultrasonographically the gross anatomic structures of the goat testes. Six adult male goats were examined to study the sonographic appearance of normal testes and epididymides using a water bath based ultrasound scanning technique. The ultrasonographic examinations were done using a 5–9 MHz/60 mm (7.5 MHz) linear-array transducer and a B-mode scanner. The ultrasonographic examination was performed in goats after standardizing the procedure on six testes collected from slaughter house. Results showed that in live goats when the probe was placed directly over the scrotum it gave distorted and unclear image. In water bath method the entire scrotum was dipped into a container filled with water and linear probe was used to observe the sonographic features of the testis. Each testis was viewed vertically, resulting in longitudinal image which was frozen, measured and printed through a thermal printer. The results of the ultrasonogram revealed that the testicular parenchyma was homogenous and moderately echogenic throughout. The diameter (mean±se) of the right and left testes was 4.47±0.14 and 4.42±0.07 cm respectively and no significant difference was observed between the testes. The mediastinum testis was a 1.50±0.22 cm wide linear structure of greater echogenicity than the testicular parenchyma when viewed in the transverse plane and nearly circular echogenic “spot” in the midline of the testis when viewed horizontally. The head and tail of the epididymides were easily identified on all the testes, but the epididymal body and ductus deferens were difficult to identify consistently. The tail of the epididymis was easily identified on the distal end of the testis with sonolucent tubules and appeared sonographically as a ‘peaked cap’ upon the testicular parenchyma. The diameter (mean±se) of the tail of right and left epididymis was 2.11±0.18 and 1.92±0.06 cm and no significant difference was observed between epididymides. The vascular pampiniform plexus (1.42±0.18 cm) was easily identified on the proximal end of the testes. The tunics of the testes appeared as a bright echogenic line. Inter-testicular septum appeared between testes as a hyperechoic line. It is concluded that ultrasonography permits a noninvasive evaluation of the internal structure of the scrotum and testes and water bath based sonographic examination may prove to be a valuable simple diagnostic methodology for evaluating physiopathologic conditions of goat testes and can be employed as a routine investigative method during breeding soundness and clinical examination.     

基于3S技术的甘南州生态健康与生态承载力耦合

摘要：生态承载力是生态系统整体水平的主要特征之一,其定量分析已成为生态环境管理和区域可持续发展决策的有效依据。本研究以甘南藏族自治州为对象,运用Landsat TM、ETM+等遥感影像数据及统计年鉴数据,建立了基于生态系统健康的生态承载力评价指标体系。利用3S（GIS、RS、GPS）技术对主要指标（如NDVI指数等）进行空间数据分析处理,通过加速遗传层次分析法（AGA AHP）获得各指标权重,采用状态空间法定量研究2000-2008年甘南州各县(市)基于生态健康的生态承载力状况。结果显示,2000-2008年甘南地区资源环境承载力、生态弹性力持续下降和人类社会影响力上升是构成该区生态承载力下降的主要原因。在过去近10年间,资源环境承载力处于“不健康”状态;生态弹性力等级由“亚健康”下降至“不健康”;人类社会影响力由“病态”等级变为“不健康”等级,基于以上三者综合分析,近10年生态承载力总体为“亚健康”状态。     

近10年来我国草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术的研究与推广进展

草原虫害防治是农业部较早大规模组织开展的防灾减灾工作之一。在长期的实践工作中,草原虫害防治始终坚持“预防为主,综合防治”的植保方针,逐步建立了“以生物防治为主,化学防治为辅”的技术路线。2002年起,全国畜牧总站在全国牧区组织开展了《草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术推广应用》项目。该项目的实施带动了全国的草原害虫防治,为草原可持续发展提供了技术支撑。本文以该项目的进展为基础,简要总结介绍了草原害虫防治的实施背景、开展情况及建设成果,包括以生态系统平衡原理为指导,对虫害监测预警、生物防控和施药技术等进行集成创新与组装配套,使草原害虫密度长期控制在经济阈值以下,实现草原生态系统平衡等。     

中药复方催情颗粒剂的制备工艺优化

为了优化中药复方催情颗粒的制备参数,试验采用湿法制粒,通过单因素试验和正交试验优选药物与辅料及辅料间的比例、乙醇浓度和乙醇用量三个因素,通过颗粒的成型率、堆密度和休止角来评价颗粒的最佳成型工艺。结果表明,药物与辅料比为1∶1,乙醇浓度为80%,乙醇用量为(干料:乙醇)1∶0.3,制备的颗粒剂综合评分最高。中药复方催情颗粒的制备工艺优化为其临床中试试验的扩大生产提供了参考依据。     

景电灌区绿洲综合生态系统管理耦合技术评价分析

以甘肃省景电灌区的3种典型村落(紧邻沙漠的大咀子村、以砂田为传统耕作方式的寺滩村和以盐碱地种植枸杞为主的红跃村)为研究对象,采用参与式方法调查了村民对沙地封育、保护性耕作、盐碱地种植枸杞(Lyciumchinense)、生态家园建设、防护林体系建设5项措施构成的绿洲综合生态系统管理体系的接受程度,利用层次分析法量化分析农民对管理措施的认可度和满意度。结果表明:目标层满意度加权平均值为8.569,说明综合生态系统管理的各项措施得到了农民的普遍认可;各准则层满意度权重排序为:沙地封育(0.417)保护性耕作(0.263)盐碱地种植枸杞(0.160)生态家园建设(0.097)防护林体系建设(0.062),各指标贡献值差异明显,说明农民对5项措施的认可度和满意度不同;不同村落对综合生态系统管理体系的认可度不同,同村落对不同管理措施的满意度及认可度权重差异较大;针对灌区发展现状,结合评价结果,提出了绿洲综合生态系统管理耦合技术及建设对策。