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垦区规模化奶牛场废弃物处理与利用问题及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了黑龙江垦区规模化奶牛场废弃物污染排放现状和处理与利用现状,并对垦区奶牛养殖的环境保护问题提出了建议和对策. 相似文献
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Abstract. A potential technique for reducing overwinter leaching from high N containing crop residues is to immobilize the N released during decomposition by co-incorporating materials of a wider C : N ratio. This article describes the use of laboratory incubation experiments to investigate the effects of a wide range of such amendment materials on the mineralization of N from sugar beet and brassica leaf residues in a sandy loam and a silt loam. These materials were of varying quality, with C : N ratio ranging from 15 : 1 to 520 : 1, and cellulose content from 0 to 34%. Amendments were added at a fixed rate of 3.5 mg C g−1 of dry soil, equivalent to around 10 t ha−1 C (to 20 cm depth). The soils were then incubated at 15°C, and net mineral N derived from the leaves was measured at regular intervals over 168 days. Net mineralization of residue N was greatest with molasses (C : N ratio of 18 : 1), whereas paper waste (C : N ratio of 520 : 1) reduced N mineralized by up to 90% compared with a soil-only control. As the concentration of cellulose and lignin in the amendment materials increased, so the amounts of N mineralized decreased, with 62 and 54% of variance in N mineralized explained by cellulose and lignin content, respectively. Reduced levels of mineral N were associated with higher levels of biomass-N. The levels of N2 O-N lost from sugar beet residues on day 14 were significantly reduced from 66 to 5 g ha−1 where compactor (cardboard) waste had been mixed into sandy loam, but this effect was not observed in the silt loam. These techniques could lead to greater efficiency of N use in rotations through reduction in N losses, and provide alternative routes for disposal of wastes when the EC Landfill Directive is implemented. 相似文献
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拓展的能值指标用于评价工业系统可持续性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在考虑废物循环、废物处理和污染物排放影响的基础上,提出拓展的能值指标体系用于评价工业系统的可持续性。以攀枝花某硫酸生产企业为案例,运用传统能值指标体系和拓展的指标体系对其废物处理前后的可持续性进行了分析。按照传统能值指标体系,废物处理前的能值产出率(EYR)、环境负荷率(ELR)和能值可持续指标(ESI)分别为7.98、13.02和0.61,废物处理后分别为5.651、3.90和0.40;按照拓展的指标体系,污染物处理前的EYR、ELR和ESI分别为8.49、4.97和1.71,废物处理后这3个指标分别为6.27、5.27和1.19。结果表明,拓展的能值指标体系得出的可持续性高于传统指标,其原因在于拓展的指标体系考虑了废物的回用、废物的处理和污染物排放的综合影响,因此拓展的能值指标用于评价工业系统的可持续性更合理;按照拓展的能值指标结果,废物回用有助于提高其可持续性;现有的排污收费制度不能有效地促进排污企业的污染防治;不恰当的末端治理技术可能降低工业系统的可持续性。因此,政府相关部门在对有关末端治理方案进行综合评价的基础上应对现有的排污收费制度作相应的调整,以提高企业治污的积极性;工业系统应通过废物的资源化利用,以及在对环境效益和经济效益进行综合评价的基础上选择合适的治污技术和工艺,以提高其可持续性。 相似文献
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农业废弃物资源化综合利用途径探讨 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:28
根据农业废弃物的特点与现状及其资源化的实质 ,提出了农业废弃物多途径的利用方法和我国现阶段农业废弃物资源化利用存在的问题 相似文献
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以非州原木为原料生产薄板进行分析, 提出采用现代技术措施和废料再合理利用, 以提高原木利用率。结果表明, 该方法效果明显, 值得借鉴。 相似文献
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畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用与现代生态养殖模式 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
养殖业不仅为人类提供丰富的食物来源,还可提供有机肥原料,改善土壤生态环境,促进种植业增产增收,因此是一个与人类食物链和生态环境关系十分密切的产业,是一个既能影响土壤生态,又能影响种植业和人类食品安全的“承上启下”的产业。合理适度的养殖,有利于保持生态平衡,实现农业可持续发展。当前,中国养殖业还存在加工比重小、技术落后、高耗低效等问题;同时,由于集约化、规模化养殖的发展,畜禽养殖污染产生量大、处理成本高、综合利用率低,科学合理地处理养殖废弃物已成为农村环境保护治理的紧迫任务。笔者回顾了养殖业产业发展历程,总结了中国在养殖业领域取得的重要成果,分析了当前国内养殖业面临的养殖废弃物处理问题,凝练出了国内当前养殖业废弃物处理的形势任务,提出发展现代生态养殖是解决中国畜牧业转型升级过程中出现的新问题的必然选择,并对此展望了未来发展前景和趋势。 相似文献