啤酒厂废弃污泥对土壤性质及甜菜生长的影响

研究了啤酒厂废弃污泥（简称BFS）与土壤分别以0、10、20、40、80和160t／hm^2的比例混合，在糖用甜菜栽培上利用的可能性。研究表明：BFS对甜菜叶和根产量都有影响，对叶的影响比根要大，最高的产质量处理是BFS 10t/hm^2，甜菜根的质量参数随BFS量的增加而降低，这表明矿物态氮与甜菜根的质量参数负相关。另外，由于BFS中含有大量的有机氮需要矿化分解，应孵化6～7个月后再施用。     

电站余热淡化海水研究

提出了一种直接利用燃煤电站余热淡化海水装置,从理论上研究了最高海水温度对系统性能的影响,分析了最高盐水温度对装置的造水比和冷却海水流量的影响以及该系统的经济性。结果表明：该系统能耗小,淡化成本低,同时利用了大量余热,证明该装置具有较大的应用前景。     

施用木质素对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响研究

试验研究施用木质素对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响结果表明 ,施用木质素可促进春玉米对N、P的吸收 ,提高肥料利用率 ,减少肥料污染和提高作物品质 ,有显著增产作用 ,且不同处理春玉米增产率均≥ 2 0 %。     

Soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation on soil amended with plant residues

Residues from some tree species may contain allelopathic chemicals that have the potential to inhibit plant growth and symbiotic N₂-fixing microorganisms. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] was grown in pots to compare nodulation and N₂-fixation responses of the following soil amendments: control soil, leaf compost, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) leaves, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) leaves, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) leaves, rye (Secale cereale L.) straw, and corn (Zea mays L.) stover. Freshly fallen leaves were collected from urban shade trees. Soil was amended with 20 g kg^-1 air-dried, ground plant materials. Nodulating and nonnodulating isolines of Clark soybean were grown to the R2 stage to determine N₂-fixation by the difference method. Although nodulation was not adversely affected, soybean grown on leaf-amended soil exhibited temporary N deficiency until nodulation. Nodule number was increased by more than 40% for soybean grown on amended soil, but nodule dry matter per plant generally was not changed compared with control soil. Nonnodulating plants were severely N deficient and stunted as a consequence of N immobilization. Nodulating soybean plants grown on leaf or crop residue amended soil were more dependent on symbiotically fixed N and had lower dry matter yields than the controls. When leaves were composted, the problem of N immobilization was avoided and dry matter yield was not reduced. No indication of an allelopathic inhibition on nodulation or N₂-fixation from heavy application of oak, maple, sycamore, or walnut leaves to soil was observed.     

谷物复合培养基栽培金针菇试验及其菌糠的营养价值分析

用谷物复合培养基栽培金针菇可获得较高的产量。且菌糠可替代玉米配制畜禽饲料,为养殖业的饲料来源开辟一条新途径,节省大量粮食和资金,取得较好的经济效益。     

啤酒厂污泥对土壤性质及甜菜生长的影响

研究了啤酒厂污泥(以下简称BFS)在甜菜(BetavulgarissacchariferaL.)上利用的可能性,BFS与土壤的混合比例分别是0,10,20,40,80和160t/hm2,研究表明:BFS对甜菜叶和根的产量都有影响,对叶的影响比根要大,最高的含糖量、矫正含糖量及产量的处理是BFS10t/hm2处理,10t/hm2啤酒厂污泥处理对块根的品质和质量来说是最佳处理;甜菜根的质量参数随BFS添加量的增加而降低,这表明矿物态氮与甜菜根的质量参数负相关,过量的氮刺激了甜菜的顶端生长而减少了糖的积累,光合能量被用来植物的生长而不是以糖的形式储存;另外,由于BFS中含有大量的有机氮需要矿化分解,应孵化6—7个月后再施用。     

临泽县创建废膜回收利用示范县的成效与做法

为了给建立废膜回收利用长效机制提供参考,在介绍临泽县创建废膜回收利用示范县工作成效的基础上,总结出临泽县废膜回收利用示范县创建工作的主要做法,即加强组织领导;培育和稳固废旧农膜回收利用市场;强化政策落实;加大资金扶持力度;加强适用新产品、新机具研发及推广力度,提升回收效率;加强宣传引导,增强群众参与废旧膜回收的积极性。     

Molecular and functional characterization of bacteria isolated from straw and goat manure based vermicompost

A total of 193 vermicompost bacteria that exhibit antagonistic and biofertilizing potential were isolated from straw and goat manure based vermicompost produced by earthworm Eisenia foetida and taxonomically designated on the basis of their 16S rRNA sequence homology and subsequent molecular phylogeny analysis. Bacteria belonged to three major genera viz., Pseudomonas (15%), Bacillus (57%), Microbacterium (12%) and remaining bacteria comprised of genus Acinetobacter (5%), Chryseobacterium (3%), Arthrobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Rhodococcus, Enterobacter, Rheinheimera and Cellulomonas. Of 193 bacteria, 96 strains (49%) showed antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungus. Functional characterization of the bacteria was assessed by the production of protease, cellulase, lipase, xylanase, chitinase, amylase, gelatinase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, nitrate reduction, and assimilation of different carbon sources. The bacterial strains showed a varying degree of carbon utilization profiles and majority of them were known to utilize citrate, malonate. A total of 86 strains produced protease (44%) and 99 strains (51%) produced cellulase. 51 strains (26%) produced IAA, 99 strains (51%) produced siderophores and 124 strains (64%) produced ACC deaminase. 52 strains (27%) showed phosphate solubilization while 24 strains (12%) produced HCN. 43 strains (22%) showed antibacterial activity against human pathogens under in vitro conditions. None of the strains tested positive for lipase and chitinase. A total of 31 strains (16%) produced DNase, 80 strains (41%) produced xylanase and 93 strains (48%) produced amylase. Among the vermicompost bacteria reported in the present study, Bacillus was found to be the predominant bacteria followed by Pseudomonas and Microbacterium. Present study, reports the molecular and functional characterization of vermicompost bacteria.     

江苏省环太湖畜禽废弃物综合利用发展对策探讨

分析了江苏省环太湖地区畜禽养殖业发展的特点,总结了该区域在畜禽废弃物处理方面存在的问题。最后,基于区域的可持续发展,提出了畜禽废弃物综合利用配套政策。     

无机氮与蔬菜废弃物耦合对土壤氮矿化的影响

为探明有机废弃物添加量与不同无机氮水平耦合对土壤氮矿化的影响,设计了3个甘蓝废弃叶添加量[B1:200 g.kg 1(土),B2:400 g.kg 1(土),B3:550 g.kg 1(土)]和4个无机氮水平[N0:0 mg.kg 1(土),N1:25mg.kg 1(土),N2:50 mg.kg 1(土),N3:100 mg.kg 1(土)]交互的控制培养试验(25℃,65%的田间持水量)。试验结果显示:各氮处理下土壤净累积氮矿化量是空白对照的4～5倍,N1水平下土壤净累积氮矿化量显著高于其他氮水平。各甘蓝废弃叶添加量处理下土壤净累积氮矿化量是空白对照的3～5倍,且B2添加量下土壤净累积氮矿化量显著高于B1和B3。统计分析表明,氮处理和甘蓝废弃叶添加量之间的交互效应不显著(P=0.275),甘蓝废弃叶的添加是影响氮矿化的主要因素(Eta2=0.16),而供氮水平为次要因素(Eta2=0.07)。B1添加量下,培养前期(0～20 d)土壤净累积矿化量逐渐升高,后期保持稳定水平;但B2和B3添加量下,培养前期(30 d)土壤呈现矿化、固持、再矿化现象,后期土壤净累积矿化量逐渐升高。氮矿化速率结果说明,甘蓝废弃叶添加后氮素矿化主要发生在培养前30 d。对培养期间土壤净累积氮矿化量随时间变化做一级动力方程模拟,拟合效果良好(R2=0.62～0.89)。