云岭黑山羊受体在夏季同期发情处理效果分析

对 2 2 4只云岭黑山羊及其杂交羊在夏季用CIDR孕酮栓 PMSG法进行同期发情处理 ,结果表明 :①总体发情率为64 73 % ,移植率为 47 3 2 % ,其中发情羊在撤栓后 48小时内 10 0 %发情 ,同期化程度高 ;②楚雄羊 (n =44只 )、师宗羊 (n =96只 )、文山羊 (n =71只 )和杂交羊 (n =9只 ) ,发情率分别为 :5 2 2 7%、65 63 %、66 2 0 %和 10 0 0 0 % ,以杂交羊的同期发情率和移植率高于楚雄山羊 (P <0 0 1)、师宗山羊和文山山羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但三个地方的云岭黑山羊的发情率和移植率均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;③ 1～ 2 5岁受体羊的发情率比 3～ 5岁羊高 17 74个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,移植率高 11 0 6个百分点(P >0 0 5 ) ;④ 2 0～ 2 9kg羊的发情率分别比 3 0～ 3 9kg和 40～ 5 1kg的羊群高 19 2 3个百分点 (P <0 0 5 )和 2 6 0 1个百分点(P <0 0 1) ;移植率分别高 13 0 7和 14 83个百分点 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑤青年羊的掉栓率显著低于经产羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而掉栓羊群和持栓羊群的发情率和移植率分别比较 ,差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑥处理羊在第 16天撤栓和第 17天撤栓的同期发情率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

微卫星与金华猪生长性状关系的研究

采用微卫星标记多重扩增结合荧光标记检测技术,对152头金华猪种群的30个微卫星位点的不同基因型与生长发育性状的关系进行了初步分析和显著性检测。结果显示SW 2476、SW 0215、SW 24等3个微卫星位点不同基因型间的出生重差异显著;SW 902、S0143、SW 0215、S0228、SW 24等5个微卫星位点不同基因型间的60日龄重差异显著;S0178、S0218、S0255、S0155、SW 951等5个微卫星位点不同基因型的4月龄重差异显著;而S0217微卫星位点的不同基因型的6月龄重差异显著。     

The effect of maternal obesity on fatty acid transporter expression and lipid metabolism in the full‐term placenta of lean breed swine

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of back‐fat thickness (BF), at mating of sows, on the maternal and newborn circulating lipids, expression of placental fatty acids (FA) transporters and lipid accumulation in placenta. Full‐term placentas were obtained by vaginal delivery from BFI (9–14 mm; n = 37), BFII (15–19 mm; n = 43) and BFIII (20–27 mm; n = 38) sows according to BF at mating, and frozen placental sections were analysed for fat accumulation. Blood samples were collected from the sows of day 105 pregnancy and from cord blood at delivery. mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated with real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that BFII females had significantly increased litter weight and placental efficiency, decreased maternal triglyceride (TG) and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels, decreased maternal IL‐6, TNFα and leptin levels compared to BFIII females (p < .05). BFIII sows were associated with significantly decreased newborn TG levels, increased newborn glucose, IL‐6 and TNFα levels compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). BFI and BFII females had significantly decreased placental TG, NEFA and cholesterol (CHOL) contents compared to BFIII females (p < .05). Moreover, decreased CD36, FATP1, FABP4, and FABP1 mRNA and protein and FATP4 protein expression, and increased LPL activity were also observed in BFIII group compared with BFII group (p < .05). PPARγ mRNA and protein and lipogenic genes such as SREBP‐1c, ACSL1, ACCα, FAS and SCD mRNA expression were downregulated or upregulated, respectively, in the placentas of BFIII sows compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). Overall, this study demonstrated that there is no advantage, in terms of litter live size, litter weight and placental FA transport and metabolism, in performing the mating of sows with BF>19 mm.     

Effects of a DHA‐rich unextracted microalgae as a dietary supplement on performance,carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile in growing‐finishing pigs

Two 125‐day experiments of the same design were conducted to evaluate the effects of a heterotrophically grown microalgae (AURA) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on pig performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue. In each experiment, 144 Hypor pigs were blocked by sex, allocated to three treatment groups, and fed 0, 0.25% or 0.50% AURA in isonutritive, isocaloric diets. Pigs were weighed on days 0, 28, 56, 84 and 112. Feed and water intakes were measured every 28 days. Pigs were slaughtered on day 125. Data from the two studies were analysed as a single data set. Performance and carcass traits did not differ between treatments. Both microalgae treatment levels enriched (p < .05) Longissimus lumborum (LL) and backfat in DHA and improved (p < .05) their ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids.     

黑豆豆芽工厂化生产关键技术研究

利用黑龙江黑豆、吉林黑豆、上海黑豆3个黑豆品种进行工厂化生产的最佳品种和孵化环境条件试验。结果表明，黑龙江黑豆最适合工厂化生产，其生产最佳孵化环境为：孵化车间采用淋水间隔3.5 h、温度控制在23~25℃、湿度保持在75%以上，发芽后84 h 采收最适宜。     

Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using chemo‐thermal oxidation method

We studied the black carbon (BC) content of ca. 405 samples from French topsoil and artificial soil and carbonate mixtures. Our protocol involved three main steps: (i) decarbonation by HCl, (ii) elimination of non‐pyrogenic organic carbon in a furnace at 375 °C, and (iii) quantification of residual carbon by CHN analysis. BC content increased for calcareous soils according to their carbonates content. Subsequent analyses confirmed the existence of a methodological artefact for BC determination only in calcareous soils. Decarbonation changes the thermal properties of organic matter, creating more recalcitrant carbon than in the initial sample. Higher CaCO₃ and organic carbon content results in a more pronounced artefact. The reversal of the first two steps of the chemo‐thermal oxidation method (i.e. thermal oxidation before soil decarbonation) eliminates this artefact. Overall, our results suggest that BC content may have been overestimated in a large number of studies on calcareous soils.     

生态养猪技术要点及未来发展趋势

猪肉作为主要的食物来源之一,传统的自然养殖已不能填补人们对品质的要求。有机养猪作为此类食品的主要新型品种之一,最重要的特点是生态性、绿色性和安全性。该文主要分析生态养猪技术的要点及其未来发展形势。     

Detection and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A,B and C in eastern Australian piggeries

Rotaviruses (RV) have a high prevalence in piggeries worldwide and are one of the major pathogens causing severe diarrhoea in young pigs. RV species A, B, and C have been linked to piglet diarrhoea in Australian pig herds, but their genetic diversity has not been studied in detail. Based on sequencing of the structural viral protein 7 (VP7) RVA G genotypes G3, G4 and G5, and RVC types G1, G3, G5, and G6 have been identified in Australian piggeries in previous studies. Although occurrence of RVB was reported in Australia in 1988, no further genetic analysis has been conducted. To improve health management decisions in Australian pig herds, more information on RV prevalence and genetic diversity is needed. Here, 243 enteric samples collected from 20 pig farms within Eastern Australia were analysed for the presence of RV in different age groups using a novel PCR-based multiplex assay (Pork MultiPath™ enteric panel). RVA, RVB, and RVC were detected in 10, 14, and 14 farms, respectively. Further sequencing of VP7 in selected RV-positive samples revealed G genotypes G2, G5, G9 (RVA), G6, G8, G14, G16, G20 (RVB), and G1, G3, G5, G6 (RVC) present. RVA was only detected in young (<10 weeks old) pigs whereas RVB and RVC were also detected in older animals (>11 weeks old). Interestingly, RVB and RVC G-type occurrence differed between age groups. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on the prevalence and diversity of different RV species in pig herds of Eastern Australia whilst demonstrating the ability of the Pork MultiPath™ technology to accurately differentiate between these RV species.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of PTTG1 Gene in Luchuan Pig

This experiment was aimed to clone PTTG1 gene CDS sequence of Luchuan pig,and was analyzed by bioinformatics methods.A pair of special primers was designed according to predicted sequence of porcine PTTG1 in GenBank.The coding sequence of PTTG1 in Luchuan pig was amplified by RT-PCR,its gene sequence characteristics and protein structure was systemically analyzed by bioinformatics techniques.The results showed that the cloned PTTG1 fragment included a 609 bp CDS (coding 202 amino acids).The sequence multi-aligned results showed that Luchuan pig shared 90.15%,87.85%,87.52%,87.03%,76.03%,74.38%,55.74% and 44.48% of similar nucleotide sequence with that of Bos,Pan troglodytes,Homos,Macaca,Rattus,Mus,Gallus and Danio retio,respectively.The protein structure analysis results showed that the protein attributed hydrophilic protein without signal peptide,localized in cell cytoplasm and had 16 phosphorylation sites.The phylogentic tree of amino acid indicated that PTTG1 was highly conserved in the process of evolution of different species.The cloning and analysis of PTTG1 gene provided an important foundation for further study biological function of porcine PTTG1 during early embryonic development.