Particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient atmosphere of a protected and ecologically sensitive area in a tropical megacity

This study reports, for the first time, the profiles and source analysis of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM₁₀ (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) at a protected and ecologically sensitive area – the Yamuna Biodiversity Park – located in the megacity Delhi, India. Weekly PM₁₀ sampling was carried out at this location for 1 year (2009–2010) and the annual mean PM₁₀ level was found to be ～9 times the World Health Organization limit. Seasonal variation of PAHs (range 37.2–74.0 ng m^?3) was significant with winter values being 72% and 68% higher than summer and monsoon respectively. Principal component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression identified diesel, natural gas and lubricating oil combustion (49.5%), wood combustion (25.4%), gasoline (15.5%) and coal combustion (9.6%) sources for the observed PAHs. Heavy traffic on the national highway and arterial roads and domestic emissions from suburban households in the vicinity of the park appeared to have significantly affected its air quality. A substantial portion (～55%) of the aerosol PAH load was comprised of carcinogenic species, which yielded a considerably high lifetime inhalation cancer risk estimate (8.7E?04). If considered as a conservative lower-bound estimate, this risk translates into ～211 excess cancer cases for lifetime inhalation exposure to the observed PAH concentrations in Delhi.     

火焰花挥发性成分的SPME-GC/MS分析

用固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用(SPME-GC/MS)法鉴定鲜火焰花和干火焰花中的挥发性成分。从鲜火焰花中共鉴定出挥发性成分24种,其中含量较高有双戊烯、反式柠檬烯-1,2-环氧化物和α-法呢烯,相对含量分别为64.327%、9.876%和5.668%;从干火焰花中鉴定出挥发性成分34种,其中含量较高有双戊烯、(E)-香叶基丙酮和苯乙醇,相对含量分别为49.389%、8.136%和5.600%。双戊烯是火焰花的主要特征性挥发成分和香味成分,在鲜花和干花中的相对含量分别为64.327%和49.389%。     

烟气中挥发性羰基化合物与卷烟味觉特性相关性研究

[目的]研究烟气中挥发性羰基化合物与卷烟味觉特性的相关性.[方法]通过简单相关分析、偏相关分析和通径分析方法分析了48个烟叶样本中8种挥发性羰基化合物释放量对卷烟味觉特征的影响.[结果]试验表明,甲醛、丙酮、丙烯醛与烟气味觉特征各指标基本都呈显著或极显著正相关,丁醛等与味觉特征没有显著相关性,其中甲醛与苦味,丙烯醛、丙酮与甜味呈良好线性相关,乙醛、丙醛与味觉特征相应显著性指标呈多元线性相关.[结论]研究确定了挥发性羰基化合物对烟气口感特征的影响规律,可为卷烟生产开发更适消费者喜好的产品提供参考依据.     

多环芳烃在水生环境食物链中的研究进展

多环芳烃是广泛存在于食物链和自然环境中的有机污染物,是目前环境科学领域及全球变化研究的热点内容之一,对水生环境食物链中多环芳烃的富集及转化过程进行系统地总结有助于未来相关研究的开展。基于此,对水生环境食物链中的多环芳烃研究进展进行了综述,介绍了多环芳烃在水生环境食物链中的分布及来源,重点总结了影响多环芳烃在食物链中富集和转化的影响因素,综述了目前多环芳烃在食物链中的风险评估方法,并提出了水生系统食物链中多环芳烃研究的不足。     

盐水鸭中挥发性风味物质研究进展

盐水鸭因具有独特的风味和较高的营养价值而深受消费者喜爱。挥发性化合物,如脂类及其降解产物,对盐水鸭特征风味的形成具有重要作用。从盐水鸭肉所含的主要挥发性风味成分、挥发性成分的测定方法、加工工艺对挥发性风味物质的影响3个方面综述了近年来盐水鸭特征香味物质的研究进展。     

模拟酸雨作用下红壤中多环芳烃的释放及纵向迁移特征

以USEPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃为研究对象,通过酸雨的土柱淋溶试验模拟实际降水过程,分析了不同酸度的模拟酸雨淋溶后红壤中多环芳烃残留量的变化及不同性质多环芳烃在土柱中纵向迁移特征。研究结果表明:不同酸度模拟酸雨淋溶后红壤中多环芳烃残留量均较淋溶前减少,pH2.5酸雨淋溶后红壤中多环芳烃含量较淋溶前减小的幅度最大(52.08%),pH5.6酸雨淋溶后减小的幅度最小(21.55%);酸雨破坏土壤微结构,使土壤胶体分散,粘粒下移,与土壤粘粒结合在一起的多环芳烃也一起向下迁移,酸雨pH值越小,多环芳烃在土壤中的纵向迁移能力就越强;酸雨对土壤中不同性质多环芳烃的纵向迁移影响不同,对低环多环芳烃(环数≤4)的迁移影响较大,对高环多环芳烃(环数4)影响较小,主要是由于不同性质多环芳烃在土壤中结合的物质不同而引起的。该研究结果为了解酸雨作用下多环芳烃在土壤介质中的稳定性及其对地下水潜在污染的风险评价提供理论依据。     

败酱草挥发性化学成分研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白花败酱草挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对白花败酱草挥发油的化学成分进行了分离和鉴定。结果分离并鉴定出51个组分,占峰面积的95.77%,并用峰面积归一化法测定了各成分的质量分数;其主要挥发性成分为:2-甲基-5-乙基呋喃(50.97%),其次是己二硫醚(9.47%)、1-己硫醇(6.97%)、紫苏醛(3.65%)、律草烷-1,6二烯-3-醇(2.65%)、(Z,E)-à-法呢烯(2.62%)、反-石竹烯(2.41%)、亚麻酸甲酯(2.03%)、紫苏醇(1.63%)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(1.43%)、樟脑(1.21%)、à-雪松醇(1.16%)、邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基酯(1.07%)、冰片(1.06%)、6-氨基异喹啉(1.03%)。     

Chemical Compositions of Volatile Oil from Fruiting Body of Armillaria luteo-virens

The chemical compositions of volatile oil from fruiting body of Armillaria luteo-virens in Qinghai Province were firstly analyzed with GC-MS and its relevant compositions were detected by calculating chromatographic peak area with normalized method.21 peaks were separated and 13 compositions were identified which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids,taking 97.1% of the total volatile oil.     

QTL mapping of volatile compounds in ripe apples detected by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry

The availability of genetic linkage maps enables the detection and analysis of QTLs contributing to quality traits of the genotype. Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), a relatively novel spectrometric technique, has been applied to measure the headspace composition of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by apple fruit genotypes of the progeny ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Fruit samples were characterised by their PTR-MS spectra normalised to total area. QTL analysis for all PTR-MS peaks was carried out and 10 genomic regions associated with the peaks at m/z = 28, 43, 57, 61, 103, 115 and 145 were identified (LOD > 2.5). We show that it is possible to find quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to PTR-MS characterisation of the headspace composition of single whole apple fruits indicating the presence of a link between molecular characterisation and PTR-MS data. We provide tentative information on the metabolites related to the detected QTLs based on available chemical information. A relation between apple skin colour and peaks related to carbonyl compounds was established. The two authors contributed equally to this work.     

木糖氧化无色杆菌反硝化亚种细菌的分离鉴定及其菲降解特性研究

利用选择性富集培养及升华法,从石油污染的土壤中分离到2株菲降解细菌,它们在以菲为唯一碳源的培养基上生长良好。应用BIOLOG细菌鉴定系统和分子生物学方法对两株细菌进行鉴定,两株菌分别为坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus.firmus)和木糖氧化无色杆菌反硝化亚种(Achromobacter.xylosoxidanssub.sp.denitrificans),两株菌均具有邻苯二酚氧化酶活性。两株细菌在液体培养条件下都表现较强降解菲的能力,液体培养60.h约90%的加入菲被降解。通过测定液体培养基中菲浓度和菌体密度变化发现,菌株降解菲的量与其生长密度相关;随着菌体浓度(吸光度)的增加,代谢底物菲的浓度明显降低,两株菌混合使用能够大幅度提高降解菲的能力。