墨江县景星乡母猪果资源调查及优株选择

2004年在墨江县景星乡设立标准样地和抽样调查的结果表明：豆腐渣果多处于野生状态，有60％左右为未进入结果期的幼树，主要分布在海拔1600-2000m的范围，东坡和南坡的林地中分布较多，零星生长于阔叶林和针阔混交林，景星乡2004年母猪果产量接近80t，母猪果大小年结果和隔年结果现象非常明显，且平均单株产量及果实的单果重差异均较大。通过连续三年观测开花结果情况和树体生长状况，确定了3个优良单株。     

Watershed management index based on the village watershed model (VWM) approach towards sustainability

In the current study, we examine the Indonesian government’s watershed management program, which was established in 2001. In 2005, the Coordination Team for Rescue of Water Resources (CTRWR) was established to execute the program on a national level. However, at the time, field implementation was a sectoral interest due to the lack of program integration. To this end, the Indonesian government promoted integrated watershed management in 2009, which since then has been implemented by all stakeholders (in Top–Down management form), with application limited to preparing and planning documents. This is mainly driven by the stakeholders’ lack of understanding with regard to watershed systems as integrated management units. Field implementation results have not yet been realized, including the promotion of community-based watershed management (through Bottom–Up management). The purpose of our research was to determine the index numbers by measuring the level of cooperation between watershed management workers based on the Village Watershed Model (VWM) specifically surface water which includes six variables: planning, participation, institutional, fund sharing, gender, and management systems. The method used was an ordinal measure with the Likert scale. Our data showed successful watershed management, in which five of the six VWM variables—planning, participation, institutional, fund sharing, and management systems—were in the “good” category with indices ranging from 73.08 to 78.27. The gender variable index (69.12) was in the “medium” category.     

彭州市熙玉村土地利用结构的组际差异研究

为了更好地掌握彭州市熙玉村土地数量、分布规律和结构布局状况,根据2009年土地利用详查变更资料库中的数据,采用景观生态学结构定量分析方法,对熙玉村土地利用结构的组际差异及其成因进行分析,并提出相关建议,以达到土地高效、合理利用的目的。研究结果表明,熙玉村土地利用组际差异明显,地理位置、地貌状况、经济发展水平、土地利用政策等因素影响土地利用的结构。     

清末乡村自治立法的百年回顾与启迪

清代末年的变法修律过程中,曾历经数年制定了数部乡村自治立法,主要包括《城镇乡地方自治章程》和《城镇乡地方自治选举章程》等,开启了中国乡村自治立法的历史先河.这些法律规定了乡村自治的区域、居民及其选举资格、组织机构及其职权、选举、经费保障、监督与救济等内容,基本确立了乡村地方自治的主要制度.清末乡村地方自治立法虽难免其局限性,但在立法模式、立法规划、立法内容和立法技术方面有不少做法值得肯定.     

基于地方创生的村居环境艺术营建

在城与村跨越式发展中,地方文化失语,自我文化认同感缺失现象凸显。基于地方创生的各种理论研究和社会实践在全球范围内开展。通过珠海横琴新区村居环境艺术实践,阐明地方创生在村居营建中的人文意义,归纳了基于地方创生的村居环境艺术的设计方法,包括创造式历史保存、乡愁景观保存与恢复、公共艺术介入、多功能设施联结情感、园林植物选用5个方面。村居艺术营建既要依托项目培养团队协作精神和完善理论研究,还要联动学校、社区和主管部门通力协作,形成长效合作机制,共同实现城与村的和谐之美。     

Free-range village chickens on the Accra Plains, Ghana: Their contribution to households

A cross-sectional survey investigating the contribution of free-range village chickens to household economies was carried out in four administrative districts within 60km of Accra. Answers were provided by 101 men and 99 women. Nearly all respondents claimed to keep chickens for meat, with a far smaller percentage claiming to keep them for egg production. Over 80% of respondents kept chickens to supplement their incomes. The proportion of the flock eaten varied between administrative areas (p=0.009 and p=0.027), although this was possibly a consequence of differences in consumption patterns between occupation of the respondent, land area cultivated and flock size. The proportion of chickens sold varied as a result of differences in flock size (p=0.013), the proportion sold increasing with number of birds in the flock. Respondents generally agreed that chickens could be sold without difficulty. A majority of chicken sales were from the farm gate, directly to consumers or traders. Sales were on demand or when the owner needed money. Money from the sale was kept by the owner of the chicken and the money was spent on personal needs. The proportion of the flock sold varied between administrative areas (p=0.025) and occupation of the respondent (p=0.040). Respondents describing animal production as their main occupation tended to have greater reliance on chicken sales for their income. Consideration is given to estimating the offtake from the flock and the financial contribution to the household.     

Husbandry and trade of indigenous chickens in Myanmar—Results of a participatory rural appraisal in the Yangon and the Mandalay divisions

There is a variety of professions working with village chickens in developing countries, including farmers, veterinarians and chicken traders. People from all these occupations were involved in a participatory rural appraisal to investigate husbandry practices and trade of village chickens in Myanmar. Data were collected in two climatically different regions of the country, in the Yangon and in the Mandalay divisions. The breeding and training of fighting cocks was practised only in the Mandalay division, with well-trained birds sold for very high prices. Apart from this, chickens were raised in both regions mainly for small disposable income and were generally sold when money was needed, in particular during religious festivals. Chicken traders on bicycles, often called ‘middle men’, usually purchase birds from farmers in about 10 villages per day. Several ‘middle men’ supply birds to wealthier chicken merchants, who sell these birds at larger chicken markets. There is in general limited knowledge among farmers about the prevention of Newcastle disease via vaccination. Commercial indigenous chicken production is practised in Myanmar, but family poultry farming dominates indigenous chicken production in the country.     

茶文化旅游模式研究及开发策略——以浙江顾渚村为例

在研究茶文化旅游特征及当今旅游模式的基础上,借鉴前人研究经验,提出茶文化旅游模式应综合考虑开发者利益、游客需求、当地资源特色和产品设计等要素,使其具有多种不同的组合方式,在应用中增强其能动性。因此茶文化旅游目的地选择模式时,需根据自身特点设计不同产品,确定开发方,满足不同的游客需求,以达到最大的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。以顾渚村为例,通过实地考察、问卷调查等途径探讨其茶文化旅游模式,并提出相应发展建议。     

基于村干部视角的城乡统筹发展问题研究

城乡统筹发展,是我国解决"三农"问题、改变城乡二元结构做出的战略决策。村干部是我国基层政权组织的核心,也是落实城乡统筹发展政策措施的关键。文章通过对村干部进行城乡统筹发展问题的调查,分析村干部对城乡统筹发展的认知状况和城乡统筹发展中农村急需解决的问题,针对性地提出加快推进城乡统筹发展的具体措施。     

寿宁县犀溪文化生态旅游探析

分析了福建省寿宁县犀溪文化生态旅游资源,包括漂流、千年名村和特有民俗、古建筑、山水风光、红色旅游等,着重对森林旅游资源及存在的问题进行分析,并提出了寿宁县犀溪文化生态旅游发展策略.