乳酸杆菌L1对致病弧菌的抑制作用

以致病弧菌T1、T2为检测菌,采用平板抑菌圈检测法,研究乳酸杆菌L1及其代谢产物的抑菌能力。结果表明:L1发酵上清液对两种弧菌的抑制效果和发酵液对弧菌的抑菌作用相似,即对弧菌T1的抑制作用强于T2;L1 发酵液对弧菌T1、T2的抑制能力强于上清液,表明乳酸杆菌及其代谢物质对弧菌具有协同抑制作用;L1的发酵液经3倍稀释仍对弧菌T1有抑制作用;乳酸杆菌L1生长不同时期的代谢产物对弧菌的抑菌活性不同,代谢产物的抑菌能力在衰退期>稳定期>生长期;L1的发酵液经沸水浴处理15 min其抑菌活性不变,表明抑菌代谢物质具有较好的耐热性。     

Effect of in vitro exposure to Vibrio vulnificus on hydroelectrolytic transport and structural changes of sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) intestine

The everted gut sac technique has been used to investigate the effect of Vibrio vulnificus on water and electrolyte (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃ ⁻) transport on the intestine of sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Both the anterior and the posterior intestine were incubated in a medium containing 10⁸ V. vulnificus cells ml⁻¹ at 25°C for 2 h. The presence of V. vulnificus resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of water absorption in the anterior intestine, while sodium absorption in the anterior (P < 0.01) and posterior (P < 0.05) intestine was elevated. Chloride absorption was increased, but the changed was not significant, while potassium absorption decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but only in the posterior intestine. Incubation the sea bream intestine with V. vulnificus did not affect carbonate secretion in the anterior segment, whereas high secretion was stimulated in the posterior segment (P < 0.01). Histological evaluations demonstrated damage in the anterior intestine of sea bream that was characterized by the detachment of degenerative enterocytes, alterations in the microvilli, and the presence of a heterogenous cell population, indicating inflammation. Based on our results, we conclude that V. vulnificus caused cell damage to the intestine of sea bream and that the anterior intestine is more susceptible than the posterior part of the intestine. Several hypotheses are suggested to explain our observations, such as the presence of higher numbers of villosities in the anterior intestine than in the posterior one and/or the presence of endogenous bacteria in the posterior intestine which may have a protector role.     

二种佐剂对哈氏弧菌OMPC-溶藻弧菌LPS偶联疫苗的增效作用

制备哈氏弧菌SpGY020601外膜蛋白复合物(OMPC)和溶藻弧菌EpGS021001脂多糖(LPS)偶联疫苗,设置偶联疫苗组、偶联疫苗 ISA763佐剂组、偶联疫苗 β-葡聚糖佐剂(DEAE)组以及生理盐水对照组,并以相同程序免疫卵型鲳鲹。溶菌酶活性检测、微量凝集反应试验结果显示:各疫苗组血清中的溶菌酶含量无显著差异(P>0.05),但均远高于生理盐水对照组(P<0.05);ISA763佐剂组抗哈氏弧菌SpGY020601抗体滴度较其他组出现的早,抗溶藻弧菌EpGS021001抗体滴度较其他组持续时间长;β-葡聚糖佐剂组次之,其次是无佐剂组,对照组始终未检测到抗体。各组分为腹腔注射攻毒与浸泡攻毒,对EpGS021001的攻击,ISA763佐剂组相对保护率分别为90%和70%,高于β-葡聚糖佐剂组的85%和55%,以及无佐剂组的80%和55%;对SpGY020601的攻击,ISA763佐剂组相对保护率分别为95%和80%,高于或相当于β-葡聚糖佐剂组的95%和75%,以及无佐剂组的90%和75%。     

转座子mini-Tn10介导的运动突变对溶藻弧菌毒力的影响

采用转座子mini-Tn10/Km构建了致病性溶藻弧菌的突变库,采用半固体双层平板初筛到73株运动缺陷突变株,初筛的突变株纯化及重复筛选后获得运动性缺陷表型稳定的突变株ND-01MM,Southern鉴定确定其为单位点插入。野生型菌株ND-01和运动缺陷突变株ND-01MM对致病性溶藻弧菌的天然宿主大黄鱼粘液的趋化、粘附以及在大黄鱼吞噬细胞内存活能力等生理功能的比较研究发现,溶藻弧菌运动缺陷后趋化及粘附能力均极显著下降(P<0.01),但在吞噬细胞内的存活能力则与野生型菌株差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式感染大黄鱼,结果发现运动缺陷对浸泡感染的影响较为明显,但对腹腔注射的感染方式影响不大。     

基于核酸适配体的PCR法检测溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)分布广,数量多,发病率高,是水产养殖中常见的条件致病菌,而对溶藻弧菌进行快速准确的识别鉴定是其病害防治的前提和基础。核酸适配体,因为具有较高的亲和特异性,在微生物的识别鉴定方面展现出了巨大的优势。本文利用核酸适配体和适配体筛选产物,通过结合、洗涤、加热分离、PCR扩增以及电泳检测等步骤,对溶藻弧菌进行了检测鉴定。结果表明,适配体和筛选产物都能对溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌进行较好的识别鉴定,适配体筛选产物对溶藻弧菌的检测下限为10~3cfu/mL,而对其灭活菌的检测下限为10~2cfu/mL,适配体对溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌的检测下限都可达到10 cfu/mL。该方法对溶藻弧菌有较好的亲和特异性,并能较好地区分溶藻弧菌与哈维氏弧菌等水产常见病原菌,在水产病害的检测中显示了较好的应用前景。     

对虾养殖池副溶血弧菌的分离鉴定及其耐药特征、毒力基因分析

为了解对虾养殖池中副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的耐药性和毒力基因的携带情况,2018年从山东4个地区的对虾养殖池收集分离副溶血弧菌,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法检测其对12种抗生素的耐药性,用PCR方法检测其携带耐热直接溶血素基因(tdh)和耐热相关溶血素基因(trh)的情况。从对虾养殖池共分离副溶血弧菌50株。药敏实验结果显示,副溶血弧菌对庆大霉素、硫酸新霉素和氨苄西林的耐药情况最为严重,耐药率分别高达98%、90%和86%,对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、头孢他啶等敏感性较高,耐药率分别为10%、10%和20%。88%的菌株具有多重耐药性。毒力基因检测结果显示,所有菌株均不携带tdh基因,4%的菌株表现为trh阳性。本研究表明,对虾养殖水环境中的副溶血弧菌对抗生素的耐药性较为严重,应加强副溶血弧菌的病原学监测,在养殖过程中合理使用抗生素,以实现水产养殖业健康发展。     

Improvement of growth performance,water quality and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi of postlarval whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by administration of mixed microencapsulated Bacillus probiotics

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mixed Bacillus on growth, water quality and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Postlarval shrimp (PL₃₀) were fed with (a) a basal diet (the control), (b) a diet containing mixed freeze‐dried Bacillus probiotics (FB) and (c) addition of mixed microencapsulated Bacillus probiotics (MB) in culture water. Addition of FB and MB probiotics improved (p < .05) growth, feed efficiency, survival and culture water quality (ammonia and nitrite) compared to the control group although there was no difference (p > .05) between the two treated groups. Bacillus numbers in gastrointestinal tracts and culture water of FB‐ and MB‐administrated shrimp were higher (p < .05) than in the control. After a 30‐day culture, shrimp were infected with V. harveyi and monitored for 10 days. A significant reduction (p < .05) in cumulative mortality was observed in FB‐ and MB‐supplemented shrimp (43.24% and 45.05%, respectively), compared to the control (63.06%). This finding demonstrated that administration of microencapsulated probiotics was as effective as freeze‐dried probiotics for improving growth, feed efficiency, survival, Bacillus in gastrointestinal tracts, water quality (ammonia and nitrite) and conferring disease resistance to V. harveyi.     

刺参响应灿烂弧菌侵染差异microRNAs鉴定及靶基因分析

microRNA参与基因的转录后调控,在真核生物的生长发育、细胞分化和免疫防御等过程中发挥重要作用。刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病害问题已成为产业发展的主要限制因素之一,而其病害发生的分子机制尚待进一步完善。本研究以刺参重大疾病“腐皮综合征”的重要致病原灿烂弧菌(Vibrios splendidus)为侵染菌株,通过人工侵染实验制备患病刺参样本,采用miRNA-seq技术对侵染组(PT16S)和对照组(PT10H)各3头刺参的体壁组织进行miRNA测序,通过相关生物信息学软件对miRNAs进行鉴定和分析,筛选差异表达miRNAs (DEmiRNAs)并预测其靶基因,构建关键调控途径的miRNA-mRNA调控网络。结果显示,PT10H组平均得到5 902 588条有效序列,194个已知miRNA和19个新的miRNA;PT16S组平均得到5 053 529条有效序列,182个已知miRNA和42个新的miRNA。对2组鉴定到的miRNA进行差异表达分析,共筛选到2个上调和11个下调的具有显著差异的DEmiRNAs (P≤0.05),上调的DEmiRNAs靶基因预测结合到3010个靶基因,注释到585个GO terms及24条信号通路(P≤0.05),下调的DEmiRNAs靶基因预测到19 072个靶基因,注释到514个GO terms以及22条信号通路(P≤0.05)。对筛选到的DEmiRNAs进行实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)验证,显示miRNA-seq与qRT-PCR的一致率达到70%。根据KEGG分析结果构建泛素介导的蛋白水解途径和Notch信号通路的miRNA-mRNA调控网络,结果显示,13个DEmiRNAs分别靶向结合134个与泛素介导的蛋白水解相关的mRNAs和109个与Notch信号通路相关的mRNAs,Aja-miR-184、Aja-miR-2478和Aja-miR-9277p等DEmiRNAs可能参与对Notch信号通路和对泛素介导的蛋白水解的调控。相关研究结果将为刺参疾病发生调控网络建立和机制解析提供依据。     

斑节对虾血淋巴细胞对鳗弧菌的清除作用

通过检测注入斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)血淋巴内的鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarumH)浓度、血淋巴细胞浓度和血淋巴细胞的组成变化,研究斑节对虾血淋巴细胞对进入体内细菌的清除作用。实验显示,斑节对虾能够迅速清除注入其体内的鳗弧菌。注射鳗弧菌悬液(107~108CFU/mL)5 min后,血淋巴中可检测到的鳗弧菌浓度是(1.4±0.6)×106CFU/mL,而2 h后所检测到的鳗弧菌的浓度仅相当于前者的3.1%。7天后,仅在部分个体的血淋巴中检测到少量鳗弧菌。伴随着血淋巴液内鳗弧菌的减少,对虾的血淋巴细胞浓度发生变化。鳗弧菌注入对虾体内5 min后,血淋巴细胞浓度为(3.51±1.69)×107/mL,注射后2 h时达到最低值,为(2.39±1.76)×107/mL,然后逐步恢复,注射后48 h达到(3.97±1.60)×107/mL。对照组血淋巴细胞浓度起初略微降低,然后逐步增加,在2 h达到最大值后又逐渐降低;除注射后48 h外,对照组血淋巴细胞浓度始终高于实验组。鳗弧菌注射入斑节对虾体内后,不同的细胞种类呈现出不同的变化规律:在注射后2 h,对照组透明细胞占总细胞数的比例显著高于实验组,对照组半颗粒细胞的含量低于实验组。注射鳗弧菌后10 min,血淋巴中颗粒细胞的相对含量显著降低,此时实验组的颗粒细胞相对含量也低于对照组。而对于降解细胞细胞核的相对含量,实验组和对照组表现出了显著不同的变化趋势。在对照组中,24 h内其含量一直在降低,而后恢复;而对照组却在注射10 min时达到最高值,而后遵循对照组类似的变化。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):28-32]     

Surface-exposed expression of Edwardsiella tarda EseB in live attenuated Vibrio anguillarum based on novel surface display systems

Live, attenuated Vibrio anguillarum strains can serve as vectors for the delivery of heterologous antigens for development of multivalent recombinant vaccines. Based on the outer membrane anchoring elements of V. anguillarum , we have previously constructed several efficient surface display systems Lpp-Omporf1, Lpp-OmpU, Lpp-Omp26La, Wza-Omporf1, Wza-OmpU and Wza-Omp26La. In this study, with these constructed surface display systems, a putative antigen protein EseB from pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda was successfully expressed on the surface of an attenuated V. anguillarum strain to get multivalent vaccine candidates. Further immune protection evaluation in zebra fish ( Danio rerio ) demonstrated that the V. anguillarum EseB-display strain AV/pW-26La-B could trigger full protection against V. anguillarum infection and early protection against E. tarda infection in the immunized fish. These results suggest that surface display of heterologous protective antigens in attenuated V. anguillarum could be used as a tool to develop potential V. anguillarum vector vaccine.