6 个不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落多样性的高通量测序分析

【目的】内生菌在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用,分析不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落结构及多样性,挖掘和利用潜在荔枝内生菌种资源,为进一步研究荔枝与内生菌互作关系提供参考依据。【方法】以 6 个不同品种荔枝的果肉组织为材料,PCR 扩增 16S rDNA 的 V3~V4 区,利用 MiSeq 高通量测序技术分析果肉组织内生细菌在门、科、属和种分类水平上的群落组成及优势菌群,结合 Alpha 多样性分析评估内生细菌群落多样性。【结果】对 6 个品种荔枝果肉内生细菌 16S rDNA 的 V3~V4 区进行扩增,共获得 2 139 086 条序列,其平均长度为 376 bp。不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落在相对丰度和多样性上无显著差异。在门分类水平,变形菌门为主要优势细菌门类,其次为放线菌门。在科、属和种分类水平上,不同品种荔枝内生菌群落结构相似,但相对丰度占比不同。差异菌群分析结果显示,假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、果胶杆菌属（Pectobacterium）、苍白杆菌属（Ochrobactrum）和迪基氏菌属（Dickeya) 在优良品种‘鹅蛋荔’‘糯米糍’和‘观音绿’中显著富集,根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）和变形菌属（Snodgrassella）只在‘鹅蛋荔’中富集。根据菌群相对丰度进行聚类分析,‘观音绿’‘糯米糍’和‘鹅蛋荔’的相似性更高。Alpha 多样性分析结果表明,6 种荔枝果肉内生菌群仅在丰度和多样性上存在差异,但未达到显著水平。【结论】该研究首次分析了 6 个不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌的群落结构,并在优良荔枝品种中发现特有的微 生物类群富集现象,可为后续提升荔枝品质、开发利用内生菌提供理论依据和重要参考。     

碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响

为研究碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗生长的影响,试验以龙牧801紫花苜蓿为供试品种,将前期从碱蓬根内(JG1)、根际土壤(JT4)和茎内(JJ5)筛选出的具有较强耐盐碱胁迫能力的根际及内生细菌菌株接种于苜蓿幼苗根部。接菌1周后将中性盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄)和碱性盐(NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃)按NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃=9∶1∶1∶9混合,并设置0、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1盐碱浓度溶液浇灌苜蓿幼苗根部,进行盐碱胁迫处理。分析盐碱胁迫下碱蓬根际及内生细菌菌株对苜蓿生长及生理的影响,并通过隶属函数和主成分分析综合评价碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响。结果表明:3株促生细菌均能缓解盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长的抑制作用,促进紫花苜蓿生长,不同促生细菌对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿促生效果为JT4>...     

生猪废水处理和磷回收工艺中抗生素和耐药细菌的削减特征

调查生猪废水处理和磷回收工艺中,厌氧消化、氧化池、磷回收流化床和潜流人工湿地对水质参数、抗生素、耐药细菌和病原菌丰度削减的贡献。结果表明,在水质指标方面,厌氧消化对COD的去除率最大,为40.28%;人工湿地对TP和NH_4~+-N的去除率最大,分别达到53.33%和67.74%;流化床对TP的去除率为49.94%。在抗生素吸附和降解方面,厌氧消化、流化床和人工湿地对土霉素(OTC)和环丙沙星(CIP)具有较大幅度的去除,去除率范围分别为32.27%～63.77%和40.44%～44.11%;厌氧消化、氧化池和人工湿地对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)具有中等幅度的去除,去除率范围为18.10%～28.52%。在耐药细菌方面,厌氧消化作为一级处理工艺对各类型耐药细菌均具有最大去除率(50%);同样作为三级处理工艺,人工湿地能进一步削减耐药细菌的数量,而流化床出水中以奇异变形杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和宋内氏志贺氏菌为主的耐药细菌数量出现反弹。微生物群落分析发现,人工湿地在降低病原细菌丰度方面优势显著。研究表明,设置潜流人工湿地承接流化床出水可进一步深化处理生猪废水。     

柑橘溃疡病拮抗菌的分离筛选及其田间防效

从湖南衡阳、常德、长沙、永州等地的柑橘园采集标本,分离、筛选柑橘叶表微生物,共分离到225株细菌,9株真菌.平板拮抗试验结果表明,其中6个菌株有较好的防效,占分离菌株的13.7%.通过对菌株过滤液和定殖力的测定,菌株Kx15和Kx48效果明显,在温室对柑橘溃疡病的防治效果分别达到45.6%和55.6%,在重病果园中的防治效果分别为40.3%,47.7%,且Kx48要优于Kx15.菌株Kx15初步鉴定属于葡萄糖杆菌属,Kx48属于乳酸杆菌属.     

水生环境中细菌与微藻的相互关系及其实际应用

概括了细菌和微藻之间的相互关系及其作用机理,阐述了细菌抑制有害微藻、微藻抑制病原细菌、细菌与微藻协同净化水质的研究进展,并针对水产养殖的实际,提出菌-藻关系研究及开发应用的一些思路。     

利用肠道菌群的分布和DNA序列对鲤科鱼类系统演化关系的研究

用检测到的肠道微生物菌群的含量对鲤科鱼类的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus)、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙（Aristichthys nobilis)、鲤（Cyprinus carpiohaematopterus)和鲫（Carassius auratus)，团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala)和三角鲂（Megalopbrama terminalis）8个种进行系统演化分析。所获得的系统演化树中，每个亚科内的物种邻接为1个接点。在亚科间，雅罗鱼亚科与鳇亚科相邻领接1个共同接点。该接点与鲢亚科和鲤亚科连结为1个共同祖选接点。用线粒体基因中的cytb和ND4基因全序列分别构建5个亚科13和11个种的NJ树，这2个树在5个亚科之间的邻接拓扑结构上亦不相同。3种树可推出一个共同的结论是在所分析的亚科中鲤亚科为最原始的类群，而鲫是最原始的类型。     

Microbial communities in various waters used for fish larval rearing

A major concern in larvae production is a mass mortality caused by fish diseases. In larvae production, pumped‐up natural seawater filtered through a sand filter system is used for fish rearing, and microalgae and rotifer cultures. Here, we investigated the community structures of eukaryotic microbes, as well as total bacteria and vibrios, in various processed ‘waters’ used in a larvae production site. We observed that ultraviolet irradiation of seawater was effective to reduce not only total bacteria and vibrios but also eukaryotic microbes. Moreover, the community structures of total bacteria and vibrios in rearing waters for fish larvae were different from those in rotifer cultures fed with Chlorella, but rather similar to those in natural seawater and microalgae cultures. These results suggest that the bacterial community in rearing waters may originate mainly from natural seawater and then be selected by microalgae in rearing water. Overall, this study provides useful information for avoiding the risk of fish disease outbreaks in a larvae production site.     

褐藻酸降解菌的筛选及其生长条件

采用安藤芳明选择性培养基从自然发病明显的海带幼苗上分离出8株褐藻酸降解菌。研究表明，8株菌能够不同程度地降解褐藻酸钠，菌株A1和A2表现出较强的降解能力，接种1d后液体培养基即变清。温度是该菌大量繁殖的决定性因子，其生长的最适温度为20℃，最适pH7.5。褐藻酸钠质量分数为0.5％-0.6％时，不同氮源和碳源对菌体生长的影响不同，其中有机氮和铵态氮有利于菌体生长，尿素和硝酸钠抑制菌体生长；只有在培养基中含有褐藻酸钠时，菌体才能正常生长。     

Effects of beneficial bacteria on biomass,photosynthetic parameters and cell composition of the microalga Muriellopsis sp. adapted to grow in seawater

The present study evaluated the effects of five bacterial isolates from the microalga Muriellopsis sp. on the microalgal biomass concentration (g/L), specific growth rate (K), photosynthetic quantum yield (QY), non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), maximum relative electron transport rates (rETR max) and levels of nutritional components such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and carotenoids in Muriellopsis sp. cultivated in seawater under indoor and outdoor conditions. The bacterial strains were Microbacterium sp. Dom 1; Pseudomonas sp. Dom2; Microbacterium sp. Dom 3; Rhizobium sp. Dom 4; and Dietzia sp. Dom 5, as well as the Pseudoalteromonas sp. (SLP1), a bacterium known to promote the growth of microalgae. At the laboratory level, inoculation of the strains SLP1, Dom 1, Dom 3 and Dom 5 resulted in higher specific growth rates and biomass of the microalga. Subsequently, the best results were obtained with a combination of the selected bacterial strains (Dom1, Dom 3, Dom5 and SLP1) under outdoor culture conditions improved the biomass, proteins, carbohydrates and total carotenoids in 22.12%, 48.28%, 19,25% and 48.27%, respectively, compared to cultures without the incorporation of the selected bacteria (control), while no effects were observed on the photosynthetic parameters. Thus, it was demonstrated that positive associations of the selected bacterial strains played an important role in the production of Muriellopsis sp. acclimatized to grow in seawater. This is of crucial importance, especially in desert areas, where solar radiation is high and freshwater is a limited resource.