国家作物种质库长期贮藏的高粱种子生活力监测研究

【目的】了解国家作物种质库贮藏高粱种子的生活力状况，为国家作物种质库贮存高粱种子及其它作物种子生活力监测及更新方案的制定提供参考，达到长期安全保存种质资源的目的。【方法】对在国家作物种质库贮藏10年以上的3 300份高粱种子的生活力进行了监测，分析了不同起始发芽率和来自不同供种单位和年份种子的生活力变化，探讨了种子起始质量对贮存效果的影响。【结果】90%的种子在国家作物种质库贮存10年后的发芽率仍保持在入库最低标准85%以上，有33份（占被监测份数的1.00%）出现了明显下降，发芽率从85%以上下降至70%以下。从总体上看，低发芽率水平的种子份数增加，高发芽率水平的种子份数减少。来自不同供种单位和不同年份种子间的发芽率下降差异显著。【结论】在进行种子生活力监测时应首先监测生活力出现显著下降的送存单位提供的种子。另外，监测时应按顺序一份一份地检测，不能进行抽测，因即使是同一单位在同一年份送存的种子生活力变化范围非常大。种子在繁殖或更新时还应将其生长季节，特别是种子成熟和收获时候的气候条件进行记录。     

11个油茶高产无性系最佳配置模式的研究

为了较为科学合理的进行油茶种植,提高油茶产量,研究了江西11个油茶高产无性系的花期、花粉生活力及杂交组合坐果情况和种子含油率。结果表明：①通过花期观察,确定赣55、赣无1、赣无2、赣无16和赣无24花期基本一致。②11个油茶高产无性系的花粉生活力均达到50％以上,在油茶种植配置上花粉活力不会成为油茶高产的限制因子。③通过比较分析杂交组合坐果情况和种子含油率,确定赣无1、赣无16、赣无2、赣无11、赣55、赣190和赣无8混栽为科学合理的配置模式。④综合考虑11个油茶高产无性系的花期、花粉生活力及授粉组合坐果情况和种子含油率,以赣55、赣无1、赣无2和赣无16为主栽品种进行油茶种植,是最佳的配置模式。     

山茶花粉生活力及贮藏条件初探

以山茶两种开放程度花朵（初开和盛开）的花粉为试材,采用无机酸法和联苯胺染色法研究了花朵开放程度和贮藏条件对花粉生活力的影响.结果表明：无机酸法不适于山茶花粉生活力的测定,联苯胺染色法能快速地检测山茶花粉的生活力.实验结果表明,两种花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势.花朵的开放程度对花粉的生活力影响不大,而贮藏条件对其影响显著：室温（13℃～25℃）下,两种山茶花粉贮藏12 d后生活力完全丧失;冷藏（2℃）条件下,盛开花粉贮藏26 d后生活力完全丧失,而初开花粉生活力完全丧失需要30 d.     

小麦条锈菌夏孢子保存时间及存活力评价

为在RNA水平上快速检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子的存活力和致病性,选取-20℃下保存1年和10年的菌株,检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子RNA产量和完整性,并通过室内人工接种实验鉴定其致病性。结果表明,RNA产量高于600 ng·mg^-1的夏孢子具有致病性,低于600 ng·mg^-1的夏孢子均已丧失致病性;RNA完整性好的菌株,其存活力高,潜育期和致病性与新鲜夏孢子基本一致,RNA完整性差的菌株存活力低,潜育期延长,致病性弱;RNA严重降解的菌株存活率极低或失活,完全丧失致病性。因此,通过检测小麦条锈菌夏孢子RNA的产量和完整性可以评估其存活力和致病性。     

Effects of Pentoxifylline on Equine Epididymal Sperm

This study evaluated whether pentoxifylline (PTX) present in the flushing extender influenced the function of equine epididymal spermatozoa after recovery and after thawing. For this experiment, 58 testicles from 29 Brazilian Jumping Horses were used. Cauda epididymides of each stallion were separated and flushed with a skim milk extender, with or without 7.18 mM PTX and then subjected to the freezing process. Samples flushed with the extender containing PTX showed a significant increase in total motility, progressive motility, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity, and percentage of rapid sperm immediately after the recovery of epididymal sperm and after 15 minutes of incubation at 37°C (P < .05). However, the presence of PTX in the flushing extender did not affect the post-thaw motility parameters or plasma membrane integrity (P > .05). The results of this study showed that the PTX present in the flushing extender improved motility parameters of recently recovered epididymal sperm and had no deleterious effects on plasma membrane integrity and freezability of equine epididymal sperm.     

保存条件对西瓜花粉生活力的影响

西瓜花为半日花,西瓜花粉的生活力在田间条件下开花几小时后即完全丧失。为了延长花粉的生活力,以二倍体西瓜B99品种为试材,研究了不同保存条件对西瓜花粉生活力的影响,结果表明:常温干燥条件下可延长花粉保存时间;低温(4℃)干燥(RH25%)条件下保存花粉,花粉生活力4d内降低较慢,4d后降低稍快,但到第9天仍有1/3以上的花粉具有生活力;前8d的坐果率可达到自然状态(用新鲜花粉授粉)的73%,这在实践中完全可以利用,尤其是对4、5d之内的短期保存更有利用价值。     

陆地棉花粉柱头生活力研究

在1d内的6个不同时间分别给母本柱头授以自然花粉和冰箱保存花粉,镜检穿过花柱基部的花粉管数,田间调查成铃率,收获后考种单铃种子数、健籽率和子指等。结果表明,自然花粉以上午10：00授粉成铃率最高,雌蕊柱头10：00和16：00为最佳接受花粉时间。     

Influence of different processing procedures on the reproductive capacity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichinella spiralis</Emphasis> in pork meat

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of different processing procedures and preparations on the viability and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis ML. The muscles of limbs tongue and masseters of pigs experimentally infected were collected, splitted to pieces, and pooled. Five batches were used for the following processing procedures: (1) seasoning with “adobo”, commercially acquired chilli and several other spices, (2) “wet-curing” by immersion of meat pieces in 3% brine during 24 hours, (3) cold storage without any further processing or preparation, (4) freezing to -20°C and, (5) drying for 24 hours at 60°C. Samples were stored at 4°C for 15, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 or 266 days after preparation. At the last-mentioned dates, ML were recovered and used to determine the reproductive capacity by infecting naïve mice. The state of meat conservation or spoilage respectively was tested by visual and tactile examination. In samples treated by freezing or drying no motile larvae were found after artificial digestion and, following inoculation of mice with larvae recovered from these groups, no ML were founded after 40 days of infection. After the artificial digestion of the cold stored samples, the ones seasoned with “adobo” and “wet-cured”, a number of motile ML were consistently obtained. Initial reproductive capacity index was as of 80±0.5, then rates decreased to 60 – 70 between days 15 and 105 PT and dropped to 40±6.7 at day 266 for seasoned, 33±2.7 for cold-stored and 33±2.5 for cured samples. The influence of storage time (p=0.000005; factorial ANOVA) but not for processing procedure (p=0.724; factorial ANOVA) were statistically significant. The sensorial examination of the meat samples showed severe changes caused by spoilage in odour, texture and colour from day 45 of storage. Data reported from this trial proves that curing or flavoring do not inactivate the Trichinella Mexican strain, although cold storage for more than three months led to a partial decrease of the reproductive capacity. Freezing and drying seemed to be effective measures to eliminate the ML infectivity.     

西府海棠花粉生活力测定

[目的]研究分析了不同染色方法和离体萌发法对西府海棠花粉生活力的影响,以期为选出影响西府海棠花粉生活力的最佳方法提供理论依据。[方法]以西府海棠花粉为试材,利用碘-碘化钾染色法、醋酸洋红染色法、离体萌发法和TTC（氯化三苯基四氮唑）染色法对花粉生活力进行测定,并研究了不同浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。[结果]适合西府海棠花粉萌发和花粉管生长的最佳培养基是：0.8 g琼脂＋15.0 mg/L蔗糖＋2.0 mg/L硼酸;低浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长有促进作用,高浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长有抑制作用,培养基中Ca（NO3）2浓度为1.6×10-5mg/L时最适合西府海棠花粉萌发和花粉管的生长。[结论]3种染色方法均不适合测定西府海棠花粉生活力。     

刺桐姬小蜂在中国的潜在地理分布预测模型

根据刺桐姬小蜂分布的关键气候因子临界值、有效积温和生物气候相似距,选用Access设计数据库、Maplnfo MapX和Visual Basic设计程序,构建了刺桐姬小蜂在中国的潜在地理分布模型。利用中国670个气象站点30 a的气候资料运行该模型,预测结果表明,刺桐姬小蜂可以生存的地区占全国的59.40%,该虫在中国可以生存的绝大多数地区1年发生3～6代。按风险程度可将该虫在中国的分布区划分为安全区(占40.60%)、轻度危险区(占22.69%)、危险区(占23.73%)、高度危险区(占12.99%)。刺桐姬小蜂的气候相似距预测表明,中国华南地区以及云南、浙江、江西的部分地区与该虫标准点之间生物气候相似距较小(dij为0.6左右),入侵的风险最高。