新疆长绒棉品种抗枯、黄萎病鉴定

2004年4～10月在石河子大学农学院植保系枯、黄萎病圃对供试的10个新疆长绒棉品种(系)进行了抗枯、黄萎病鉴定,供试品种在苗期、花蕾期、吐絮期和剖秆检查的结果来看,在抗枯萎病鉴定中,没有发现对枯萎病免疫及高抗材料,其中耐病材料有1个,感病材料有8个,特别高感的材料有1个;在抗黄萎病鉴定中,也没发现对黄萎病免疫的品种,其中高抗材料有8个,抗病材料有2个.     

Induction of Defense Enzymes and Control Effect of Endogenous and Rhizosphere Bacteria on Verticillium Wilt of Cotton

[Objective] The colonization in soil, promoting cotton growth effects, inducing resistance of cotton and controlling effects to cotton Verticillium wilt of Bacillus vanillea SMT-24, B. velezensis BHZ-29, B. subtilis SHT-15 and B. atrophaeus SHZ-24 were studied in this paper, which provides a scientific basis for better control of cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The antagonistic resistance of these bacteria to Verticillium dahliae was judged by observing the inhibition zone; the number of colonization in the rhizosphere soil was tested to represent the colonization ability of antagonistic bacteria; the growth promoting effect of strains on cotton was determined by analyzing cotton plant height, root length, root hair number and number of leaves; the effect of antagonistic strains on cotton induced resistance was explored by determining catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities in cotton leaves, and investigating the disease index of cotton after inoculation with antagonistic bacteria solutions. [Result] SMT-24, BHZ-29, SHT-15 and SHZ-24 strains significantly inhibited the growth of V. dahliae and formed a clear zone of inhibition. After 2 to 22 days of the third inoculation, these strains of bacteria could survive in the root soil, increase the plant height, leaf number, and root hair number of cotton plants, as well as the activities of cotton CAT, SOD, PAL and POD enzymes, but reduced the disease index. [Conclusion] SMT-24, BHZ-29, SHT-15 and SHZ-24 strains can promote cotton growth, increase the activities of some related defense enzymes, and effectively control cotton Verticillium wilt.     

棉花黄萎病相关基因GhAAT的克隆与功能鉴定

棉花黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae)是一种土传性真菌维管束病害,严重影响棉花的生产。本研究通过转录组数据分析筛选出一个与棉花黄萎病相关的氨基酸转运蛋白GhAAT基因,该基因在棉花根部响应黄萎病菌诱导表达。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing, VIGS)技术研究其在棉花抗黄萎病中的功能。结果显示将该基因在棉花TM-1的叶片和根部沉默后,棉花对黄萎病抗性减弱,证明GhAAT基因参与调控了棉花抗黄萎病功能。发掘棉花抗黄萎病菌重要调控基因并揭示其分子机制对培育棉花抗病品种具有重要意义。     

大丽轮枝菌侵染陆地棉早期的转录组分析

【目的】旨在深入挖掘大丽轮枝菌致病相关基因。【方法】运用转录组测序技术比较分析了强致病力大丽轮枝菌Vd991在侵染陆地棉品种Coker 312早期阶段的基因表达情况。【结果】对Vd991侵染前后的转录组数据进行差异表达分析,共筛选到979个差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中376个上调,603个下调。通过基因注释和功能分类发现,这些DEGs涉及细胞增殖与生长、产孢、碳水化合物结合、蛋白激酶活性调节、裂解酶活性、水解酶活性等功能。对上调DEGs进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)功能富集分析,发现共有277个GO词条达到显著富集水平(P0.05),涉及生长速率正向调控、核苷酸合成、解旋酶活性等功能;京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析表明,上调DEGs参与53个代谢通路,包括嘧啶代谢、嘌呤代谢等。【结论】在早期侵染过程中,大丽轮枝菌细胞增殖相关基因表现活跃。上述分析为进一步揭示大丽轮枝菌的致病机理提供了有价值的参考。     

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacillus methylotrophicus LH-L3 Antagonist of Cotton Verticillium Wilt

The aim of this study is to obtain endophytic Bacillus with control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The cotton tissue grinding liquid was heated at 80 ℃, and spread onto the Luria-Bertani ager medium. The strains with better inhibitory effects on Verticillium dahliae Vd084, a strain with strong pathogenicity, was identified by the morphology, physiological and biochemical traits as well as 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB sequences, and its control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt was determined by pot experiments. [Result] 61 similar Bacillus strains were isolated from cotton plants. Among them, 17 strains could inhibit Verticillium dahliae Vd084. A strain named LH-L3 with a relatively higher antagonistic activity and a broad inhibition spectrum was obtained in the second screening. LH-L3 was classified into Bacillus methylotrophicus. Compared with the control, the emergence rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight of aerial part and underground part of cotton with 106 mL^－1 LH-L3 suspension drenching for 3 times increased by 42.85%, 10.24%, 23.83%, 10.05% and 97.62%, respectively. And control effect on Verticillium wilt was 85.24%. [Conclusion] LH-L3 had good growth promotion and Verticillium wilt control effects and showed good potential for biological control.     

嫁接栽培对茄子黄萎病抗性及生长发育的影响

以赤茄,GS2,CRP和托鲁巴姆等4个野生茄子为砧木,以油罐茄、黑又亮、短把黑、快圆茄和二民茄等5个山西省主栽品种为接穗,进行了茄子嫁接栽培的田间试验、砧木黄萎病抗性的苗期室内接种鉴定以及茄子黄萎病抗性生理指标和果实品质的测试等方面的研究,得出了最佳抗病砧木为托鲁巴姆,最佳砧穗组合为快圆茄/托鲁巴姆,以及嫁接植株抗病的有关生理指标。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌昆明菌株的生物学特性研究 (一)——温度对菌落生长、产孢量和分生孢子萌发率的影响

 蜡蚧轮枝菌昆明菌株KM9803菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和萌发的温度范围是5～35 ℃,适温范围是15～30 ℃,最适温度范围是23～28 ℃,最适温度25 ℃。当温度20～28 ℃时,14 h分生孢子萌发率为98.6%～100%。在查彼克培养基（CzA）上,20～28 ℃15 d平均产孢量范围是1.3×10⁹～4.9×10⁹孢子/皿,16 h分生孢子萌发率93.67%～100%。25 ℃最适于产孢。     

棉花黄萎病菌系不同组合对致病力的影响

为探讨黄萎病菌系对棉花的侵染规律,以陆地棉耐病品种冀棉20和感病品种邯208为鉴别寄主,在人工培养条件下鉴定和比较了不同培养方式、不同接种方法对6个黄萎病菌系致病力的影响。结果表明:单独培养单独接种时,6个供试菌系的致病力可划分为强、中、弱3种类型,其中V2和V6致病力最强,V1和V3中等,V4和V5最弱。混合培养后接种时,除个别菌系组合在邯208上略有增强外,其余菌系组合的致病力都存在不同程度的减弱;单独培养后混合接种时,其致病力较相应单菌系接种时致病力呈现一定程度的波动,但大部分接种菌系在2个鉴别寄主上的致病力,表现出增强的趋势。     

野生抗病茄植株腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌的化感作用研究

研究野生抗病茄植株腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)的化感作用,探讨野生茄子的化感作用利用途径。采用生长速率法和悬滴法,测试了托鲁巴姆(Solanum torvum)、刺茄(Solanum surattense,CRP)、赤茄(Solanum integriflium)、刚果茄(Solanum sisymbriiflium)4种野生抗病茄(以下分别简称TL、CI、CH和GG)的根、茎、叶腐解物及叶片浸提物的乙醇提取液对茄子黄萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:供试腐解物提取液对茄子黄萎病菌均具有一定的化感抑制作用。腐解物对菌丝生长的化感抑制作用为叶>根>茎,而对孢子萌发的化感抑制作用叶>茎>根。其中,各试材叶腐解物对菌丝生长的化感作用为GG>TL>CI>CH,对孢子萌发的化感作用为GG>CI>CH>TL。各试材叶片浸提物对菌丝生长的化感作用为TL>CH>CI>GG,这与腐解物的化感作用并不一致。4种常用作嫁接砧木的野生抗病茄叶片腐解物对茄子黄萎病菌均具有较好的抑制作用,可以用于田间防病试验。土壤微生物与植物试材的相互作用是腐解物表现化感抑菌作用的原因之一。     

棉花HB红花近等基因系的苗病、枯萎病与黄萎病抗性比较

对回交转育获得的7个遗传背景的HB红花近等基因系以及这7个遗传背景下的39个近等基因姊妹系,在枯萎病与黄萎病混生病圃种植条件下进行了苗病、枯萎病与黄萎病的抗性评价。结果表明,HB红花基因转入陆地棉品种后,不仅对棉花苗病、枯萎病和黄萎病的抗性未带来任何负面影响,而且还在一定程度上提高了棉花的整体抗病水平。比较而言,对提高苗病抗性的效果较为显著,其次是对黄萎病抗性,对枯萎病的抗性几乎没有影响。