棉花黄萎病菌对转hpa1Xoo基因棉花幼苗相对电导率的影响

以两个转hpa1Xoo基因的棉花株系T-33和T-35及其出发品种即非转基因棉品种Z35的2～3叶期棉花幼苗为试材,通过无底塑料盆钵菌液浇根接菌法,在0～10 d不同时段测定叶片浸出液电导率.转基因棉T-34在0～10 d间相对电导率呈增加趋势,10 d时增加率达到115.90%;T-33在接菌后0～1 d间的电导率增幅反而略有下降,但3～10 d的增幅均呈现上升趋势,到10 d时达到140.61%;Z35从接菌后0～10 d的电导率增幅均呈现逐渐上升趋势,到10 d时相对电导率增加率达到180.78%.转基因棉到达相对电导率峰值的时间晚于非转基因棉,其峰值也低于非转基因棉;同时两个转基因棉花株系相对电导率的增加率均低于非转基因棉.被黄萎病菌感染后转基因棉的显症时间较非转基因棉出现晚,两个转基因株系的受危害程度也低于非转基因棉.     

蜡蚧轮枝菌Km9803代谢产物对蚜虫的毒杀作用

采用生物活性跟踪法测定了菌株代号为Km9803的蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)在固、液两种培养基代谢产物的不同溶剂提取物及其不同馏分的杀蚜活性.结果表明,Km9803的固体培养基的乙酸乙酯提取物杀虫活性最高,对甘蓝蚜和烟蚜LC50分别达到1349.6和746.4 mg/L.该提取物经硅胶柱层析分离,洗出液合并后收集到12个馏分.测定各馏分对甘蓝蚜的活性,结果表明活性段主要集中在馏分F3,该馏分对甘蓝蚜的毒力LC50为70.57 mg/L.     

棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌DS45-2菌株在土壤和棉花根内的定殖

通过盆栽试验,对棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌DS45-2菌株在土壤和棉花根际、根内的定殖情况进行了分析。结果表明,在自然条件下,拮抗细菌DS45-2菌株能够在土壤及棉花根际、根内定殖。拮抗菌株DS45-2施到土壤中后的45d内,其定殖数量在开始25d内显著下降,但随后下降缓慢并逐渐趋于稳定,维持在106个·g-1土左右。接菌后45d,DS45-2在棉花根内的定殖菌量达2.35×104个·g-1根,在棉花根际的定殖菌量达97.4×106个·g-1土,且重新分离出的拮抗菌株保持较高的拮抗活性。DS45-2菌株在灭菌土中的定殖数量高于自然土中的数量。随土层深度的增加,定殖菌量呈下降趋势,但变化不明显。     

棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位研究进展

QTL(quantitative trait locus)定位将控制数量性状的基因分解成单个孟德尔因子进行详细剖析,更为细致地了解数量性状的遗传规律,为加速棉花抗黄萎病的遗传改良奠定基础。本文概述了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位理论和现状,讨论了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位过程中存在的问题及在遗传改良上的应用前景。     

陆地棉抗黄萎病性状的遗传及分子标记研究

 以陆地棉抗黄萎病品系常96和感病品种军棉1号为研究材料,构建了一个含有138个F₂单株的作图群体。利用强致病力菌株VD8对P₁、P₂、F₁、F_2：3群体进行营养钵接种,估算各世代的相对病指。应用主基因 多基因混合遗传模型分析得出该组合的最适遗传模型为C-0模型,即加性-显性-上位性多基因模型。对1998对SSR引物和230对SRAP引物进行筛选,获得148个SSR和6个SRAP多态性标记位点,进一步利用MAPMAKER作图软件,构建了一张含122个标记位点的陆陆杂种遗传连锁图。利用复合区间作图法在第9染色体NAU462-JESPR114区间内,检测到1个抗黄萎病QTL,可解释的表型变异为13.8%。     

Correlation of Inhibitor Proteinase in Varieties and Lines of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to Different Geographic Population of Verticillium dathliae Klebahn

Breeding for wilt resistance and its theoretical basis are primarily responsible for increases in cotton yield and fiber quality.Breeding for immunity is the most efficient method in our struggle with infectious diseases.     

中棉所12的黄萎病抗性遗传与育种应用研究

 以2个海岛棉品种和5个陆地棉品种为材料与中棉所12进行正反交,配制14个杂交组合的F₁和F₂ 。采用纸钵育苗,撕底伤根接种方法对14个组合的F₁和F₂群体进行黄萎病抗性鉴定。结果表明,以中棉所12作父本与海岛棉抗黄萎病品种或陆地棉抗黄萎病品种进行杂交,F₂抗（耐）病株与感病株的分离符合3：1的分离规律,说明海岛棉的抗黄萎病性对于中棉所12的耐黄萎病性为显性,中棉所12的耐黄萎病性对于陆地棉的感黄萎病性为显性,控制黄萎病抗性的基因为一个显性主基因。然而,以中棉所12为母本与海岛棉品种、抗病陆地棉品种和感病陆地棉品种进行杂交,F₂群体中90%以上的个体为抗病类型,说明中棉所12的细胞质中存在着抗黄萎病的遗传成分,具有细胞质母体遗传的特点,在棉花抗黄萎病育种中具有重要的利用价值。     

Weed hosts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> in cotton fields in Turkey and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">V. dahliae</Emphasis> isolates from weeds

A weed survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Aydin province of Turkey showed that Solanum nigrum, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Sonchus oleraceus and Datura stramonium were the most prevalent weeds in the cotton fields exhibiting Verticillium wilt. Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was recovered from A. retroflexus and X. strumarium in those cotton fields. This is the first report of V. dahliae occurring naturally in A. retroflexus in Turkey. Pathogenicity tests on cotton and weeds showed that the virulence of V. dahliae isolates from weeds was higher on cotton plants than on weeds, with the disease severity ranging from 31.7% to 98.0%. Disease severity of V. dahliae isolates was 54.7–93.9% on eggplant, 23.7–51.6% on cucumber and 11.0–16.4% on tomato, whereas it did not cause any disease symptoms, or only low levels, on pepper and bell pepper. Two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were identified among seven tested weed isolates: VCG2A (two isolates) and VCG2B (three isolates) using international reference strains.     

土壤中棉花黄萎病菌快速检测技术研究

 Verticillium wilt,caused by Verticillium dahliae,is the most important disease of cotton.In this work,the previously developed defoliating(D) and nondefoliating(ND) V.dahliae-specific primers were adopted for detection of pathotypes of V.dahliae in soil by using nested PCR.The results showed that the detection assay was efficient when used in infested soil and was an useful technique for rapid and accurate assessment of soil contamination by V.dahliae.     

新疆长绒棉品种抗枯、黄萎病鉴定

2004年4～10月在石河子大学农学院植保系枯、黄萎病圃对供试的10个新疆长绒棉品种(系)进行了抗枯、黄萎病鉴定,供试品种在苗期、花蕾期、吐絮期和剖秆检查的结果来看,在抗枯萎病鉴定中,没有发现对枯萎病免疫及高抗材料,其中耐病材料有1个,感病材料有8个,特别高感的材料有1个;在抗黄萎病鉴定中,也没发现对黄萎病免疫的品种,其中高抗材料有8个,抗病材料有2个.