卫鹏北方专用型螨扑治螨效果的试验

对卫鹏制药有限公司2007年新出产的北方专用型螨扑进行了防治效果、药效期、伤蜂情况和氟胺氰菊酯在蜂蜜中残留的测试,测试结果显示：卫鹏北方专用型螨扑防治效果平均达到88.1%（79.8%～93.4%）;防治期间,平均每天伤蜂13.2只,属于适度伤蜂程度;螨扑药效期为24天（23～26天）使用后蜂蜜中氟胺氰菊酯残留量为0.03～0.05 mg/kg.     

升华硫配合杀螨剂防治蜂螨效果的比较研究（摘要）

[目的]比较升华硫配合杀蟥剂防治蜂螨效果。[方法]2007～2009年3年3次于同一个蜂场采用同一种方法对升华硫配合杀螨剂防治蜂螨效果进行了试验。[结果]升华硫配合杀螨剂对于消灭存在蜂脾上及寄生于封盖蛹的蜂螨有明显效果,对于消灭成年工蜂身体上的蜂螨效果不明显。施药后杀灭大蜂螨的效果以第1天最佳,此后逐日减少;杀灭小蜂螨的效果以第2天最佳,此后逐日减少,表明在2～5d再施治1～2次,可达到理想的防治效果。[结论]该防治技术大、小蜂螨严重危害地区的养蜂生产提供服务。     

香精油在蜂群抗螨中的应用

开发新的抗螨药物势在必行,而香精油及其组分具有显著的抑螨效果。百里酚(香精油的一种主要组分)及其一些组分,在实验室试验中其杀螨率一般都超过90%,而且对蜜蜂危害小,长期使用后在蜂蜜中的残留量很低,但要应用于养蜂生产,还有许多工作要做。对香精油在蜂群抗螨中的应用情况进行了综述。     

A Review and Bibliography of the Literature of Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder: A Poorly Understood Epidemic that Clearly Threatens the Successful Pollination of Billions of Dollars of Crops in America

ABSTRACT

This article briefs agricultural librarians on three key aspects of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), a disease involving the virtually total disappearance and presumed annihilation of the adult bee population of hives: (1) the yearly multibillion dollar importance of honeybees as the nation's key crop pollinators and the annual $200 million domestic production and export of honey; (2) the more common bee diseases and well-known hive stressors that current theories of CCD suggest interact with each other in some as yet undetermined combination, perhaps including new pathogens to which most American bees have limited or no immunity; and (3) several bees other than the honeybee that are not currently affected by CCD and that have some potential as partial substitute pollinators for some crops.     

Varroa mites,viruses and bacteria incidences in Kenyan domesticated honeybee colonies

Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is a major global threat to the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). The ectoparasite has been implicated in the spread of honeybee viruses. Beekeeping plays a major role in transmission of the mite. The study aimed at assessing levels of Varroa infestation, bee viruses and bacteria incidences in domesticated honeybee colonies. Samples of adult honey bees, bee brood and Varroa mites were collected from Baringo, Narok, Kwale, Magarini, Voi, Ijara, Busia and Siaya in Kenya. Ten hives in each site were inspected for the presence of Varroa mites on adult bees using the icing sugar technique and forceps in sealed brood cells. The number of mites observed were recorded per site. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from the mites, brood and adult bees and a polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the black queen cell virus. Pooled RNA samples of brood and adult bees were used in next generation sequencing on a 454 GS FLX platform to detect bee viruses and bacteria. Varroa mites were reported in all the study sites at varying levels. The black queen cell virus and three iflaviruses, European foul brood and its secondary causative agent Enterococcus faecalis were reported. The Kenyan honeybee population is threatened by bee pests and pathogens. There is a need for constant monitoring of bee pests and diseases in honeybee colonies in the country for early detection and to provide data on the status of bee health. All stakeholders in the beekeeping value chain should be enlightened on their role in pest and disease transmission.     

Breeding the Mite-Resistant Honeybee by Nutritional Crossbreed Technology

Mite （Varroa destructor） is one of the most serious parasite threats to the honey bee （Apis mellifera） reared in China. The beekeepers mainly use the drug to control and kill the mite in the past years, but the honey products may be contaminated and the mite is becoming drug-resistant. The main idea of this paper is to research the possibility of mite-resistant honeybee rearing by nutritional crossbreed. The larvae （Apis mellifera ligustica） are bred with the royal jelly of Apis carana carana, and then the morphological index of the worker generation, genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDH Ⅱ, genetic resemblance, and mite resistance are measured. The results show that： compared to the parent workers, the proboscis length, anterior wing area, the total length of the third and fourth dorsal plate of the abdomen, the length of the fourth dorsal plate of the tuberculum, the area of the sixth abdominal segment, and the area of wax mirrors are significantly different, but the differences in the brachium index, dactylus index, and wing claw are not significant. Moreover, there are some mutations in the genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDH Ⅱ. The mite resistance of the nutritional crossbreed worker is significantly higher. The morphological, physical, and biochemical characters, genetic resemblance, and the mite-resistant ability of the worker generation can be changed by nutritional crossbreeding. Nutritional crossbreeding can be a new way to breed the honeybee.     

芹菜提取物防治大蜂螨试验

将采用不同方法得到的芹菜提取物以及新鲜芹菜汁配成不同的浓度,用于对有蜂螨寄生蜜蜂进行室内实验,然后对蜂螨寄生数、落螨数和蜜蜂的死亡数等进行统计,最后对不同提取物的作用与安全性进行了评价。试验结果表明,新鲜芹菜汁对大蜂螨有明显的杀灭作用,其中50%新鲜芹菜汁治疗蜂螨效果高且安全性好。     

Social Apoptosis in Varroa Mite Resistant Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Honey bees are eusocial animals that exhibit both individual and social immune responses, which influence colony health. This is especially well-studied regarding the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Parasitiformes: Varroidae), a parasite of honey bee brood and disease vector. Varroa was introduced relatively recently to Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and is a major driver of the catastrophic die-off of honey bee colonies in the last decade. In contrast, the original host species, Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is able to survive mite infestations with little effect on colony health and survival. This resilience is due in part to a newly identified social immune response expressed by developing worker brood. Varroa infested female A. cerana brood experience delayed development and eventually die in a process called ‘social apoptosis’. Here, an individual’s susceptibility to Varroa results in colony level resistance. We tested for the presence of the social apoptosis trait in two Varroa resistant stocks of A. mellifera (Pol-line and Russian) with different selection histories and compared them to a known Varroa-susceptible stock (Italian). We assessed the survival and development of worker brood reared in either highly or lightly infested host colonies, then receiving one of three treatments: uninfested, experimentally inoculated with a Varroa mite, or wounded to simulate Varroa damage. We found that response to treatment was only differentiated in brood reared in lightly infested host colonies, where experimentally infested Russian honey bees had decreased survival relative to the mite-susceptible Italian stock. This is the first evidence that social apoptosis can exist in Western honey bee populations.