幼苗期小麦热激蛋白的诱导研究(英文)

高温是小麦产量提高的一个重要限制因素,小麦受到高温胁迫时会产生一系列热激蛋白来适应这种逆境,不同发育阶段的热激蛋白存在差异,不同抗热作物品种中热激蛋白也存在差异,因此,研究抗热性不同的小麦品种中热激蛋白差异对小麦耐热性的研究具有重要的理论意义与实践意义。该实验利用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对2种不同的小麦品系在34.37、40℃下处理1～7h产生的热激蛋白进行研究,发现其可溶性蛋白电泳图谱与常温下的有区别,其中新蛋白的出现说明高温能够诱导新蛋白。71321-9中发现的3种新蛋白的分子量分别为97.4kD、49kD、37kD,另外还发现3种蛋白质含量明显升高,这3种蛋白质的分子量范围在17～66kD。71321-4小麦中发现了2种新增热激蛋白(37kD和29kD)及1种蛋白质的含量明显增加。这些蛋白可能与小麦幼苗抗热性有关,其含量的增加能够提高幼苗的抗热性。     

浙江省水稻品种抗稻曲病自然诱发鉴定初步研究

在浙江省金华县稻曲病重发病区,对113个水稻品种进行了田间自然诱发抗性鉴定。结果表明:以稻曲病平均病级(X)为指标,X=0级、0级X≤Ⅰ级、Ⅰ级X≤Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级X≤Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级X≤Ⅳ级、Ⅳ级X≤Ⅴ级的品种数分别占品种总数的33.62%、20.35%、15.92%、8.84%、13.27%和7.96%。常规籼稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻,不发病或轻发病(平均病级小于Ⅰ级)的发生频率分别为100%、66.67%、54.04%和0%;重发病(平均病级大于Ⅲ级)的发生频率分别为0%、4.16%、20.26%和90.00%;粳稻发病明显重于籼稻,杂交稻明显重于常规稻,杂交粳稻发病最重。     

不同品种豌豆苗的比较试验

7个品种豌豆苗的比较试验结果表明:适宜南方地区种植的豌豆苗品种依次为广东饶平豌豆、中豌4号、小豌和604,这些参试品种均具有采收期长、抗病性好、产量高的特点。     

甜玉米新品种超甜2088选育报告

超甜2088是酒泉市农业科学研究所以自选系日甜131534为母本,自选系D8-113351为父本组配而成的早熟超甜玉米单交种。2003年、2008年在酒泉市农业科学研究所进行的甜玉米品比试验中,2 a鲜穗折合平均产量27 492.0 kg/hm2,比对照品种超甜2008增产27.4%。具有早熟、优质、高产、抗病、籽粒鲜食口感甜香脆嫩等特点,适宜在甘肃省内有灌溉条件的地区种植。     

Field study of the relative susceptibility of eleven potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties and the efficacy of two fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani attack

Rhizoctonia black scurf is an economically important disease of potatoes in Tunisia and around the world. It reduces the quality and yield of potatoes and has become an important impediment for export of potatoes, especially to Europe. The information on comparative susceptibility of potato cultivars will help the growers make informed decisions regarding the management of this disease. The eleven potato cultivars used in this study showed a range of susceptibility reactions to Rhizoctonia solani but none of these was completely resistant to the disease. The Spunta variety showed the least percentage of infection of progeny tubers by R. solani sclerotia at harvest, while the varieties Nicola, Santana, Labadia, Liseta and Tango showed a high percentage of infection of progeny tubers. Seed treatment using fungicides, presently registered in Tunisia, are not effective in controlling the disease to growers’ satisfaction. Field experiments conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two newly introduced fungicides pencycuron (Monceren^®) and azoxystrobin (Amistar^®) showed that they were effective for the control of the disease. Seed potatoes treatment and in-furrow application of azoxystrobin consistently provided superior protection in two years of experimentation.     

Yield formation and tillering dynamics of direct-seeded rice in flooded and nonflooded soils in the Huai River Basin of China

Water shortage in the Huai River Basin prompts farmers to adopt water-saving technologies such as direct-seeded nonflooded or aerobic rice. Different cultivation practices impact on tiller growth and development. Improved insight into tiller dynamics is needed to increase yield in these production systems. We conducted field experiments with four direct-seeded rice varieties under flooded and nonflooded conditions in Mengcheng county, Anhui province, in 2005–2006. The soil water content in the nonflooded treatment varied between saturation and field capacity. Yields in nonflooded soil ranged from 3.6 to 4.7 t ha⁻¹, and did not differ significantly from yields in flooded soil that ranged from 3.6 to 5.1 t ha⁻¹. Variety had a significant effect on biomass, yield, panicle number, spikelet number, grain weight, and grain filling percentage. Panicle number was the main factor limiting yield, resulting from a low tiller emergence frequency and a low fraction of productive tillers in both the flooded and the nonflooded soils. On average, the panicle number was 159–232 m⁻², including 34–167 productive tillers per m² for all the varieties under the two water regimes. The contribution of productive tillers to yield varied between 7% and 47%. There were two peaks of tillers that contributed to yield, one at the low (4th or 5th) and one at the high (10th or 11th) phytomer orders. Frequencies of tiller emergence at most phytomer orders were higher in the flooded soil than in the nonflooded soil. There were no significant differences in frequencies of productive tiller emergence and contributions to yield from tillers between the soil water regimes for three of the four tested varieties. To increase yield in direct-seeded nonflooded rice production systems, both the tiller emergence frequency and the fraction of productive tillers should increase through breeding, improved crop management, or a combination.     

基于AMMI模型的烤烟品种丰产性和稳定性评价

对2010年湖南省烤烟品种区域试验结果进行方差分析,利用AMMI模型进行品种稳定性分析,发现HY-9J、C6212两品种在3个试验点产量均较高,具有稳定丰产的特性,品种HY-5X有较好的丰产性,对各地的适应性很好,HY-9X和HY-9CH丰产性和稳定性较差,利用价值不大;湖南农业大学基地环境对品种的鉴别力较高,而永州烟科所环境对品种的适应性较强。     

晋北高寒区旱地春玉米品种比较试验

引进国内审定的玉米品种和本地推广品种进行田间对照试验,观测玉米品种生长状况并记录,测定产量。根据试验结果,筛选出最适合晋北高寒区的玉米高产品种。春玉米品种比较试验结果表明,长城799、强盛16、泉玉8号三个品种667m2产量分别是660.9kg、648.8kg、636.7kg,分别比对照晋单32号增产14.1%、12.0%、9.9%,产量差异极显著,并且综合农艺性状表现良好,可以考虑作为晋单32号的替代品种或搭配品种使用。     

品种与地域因素对谷子中Fe、Zn、Mg和Se元素含量影响的研究

对5个地域（石家庄、衡水、济南、沧州、郑州）分别种植的7个谷子品种（冀谷19、206058、200131、K492、济0515、沧344、安04-4783）共计35份谷子样品进行了4种矿物质元素（Fe、Zn、Mg、Se）含量的分析检测。结果表明：各个品种和各个地域的谷子中Fe、Zn、Mg和Se含量均有一定波动,尤其是Zn和Se含量变幅较大,说明品种和地域因素对谷子中矿物质元素含量均具有一定影响。双因素方差分析结果表明：Fe含量受品种因素影响差异显著（P=0.046 6）,受地域因素影响差异极显著（P=0.00）;Zn含量受品种与地域因素影响均不显著（P=0.990 1,P=0.531 4）;Mg含量受品种品系影响差异显著（P=0.017 6）,受地域因素影响差异不显著（P=0.655 8）;Se含量受品种因素影响差异不显著（P=0.545 7）,受地域因素影响差异极显著（P=0.00）。通过改善育种手段,可以实现富Fe和Mg谷子品种的选育;通过栽培管理中补充相应肥料等措施,可以提高谷子中Fe和Se元素的含量。     

玉米杂交种唐玉20号的选育

为培育高产、优质、抗逆性强的玉米杂交种,2002年唐山市农业科学研究院以05223为母本、唐171为父本杂交组配育成唐玉20号。2006年和2008年天津市夏玉米区域试验,平均产量分别为10 548 kg/hm2和9 342 kg/hm2,分别较对照纪元1号增产7.9%和7.5%,增产极显著。该品种具有高产、优质、早熟、抗逆性强等特点。2008年通过天津市农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。2010年通过唐山市农作物新品种试验,准予示范。