Reduction of pesticide hazards to wild life: An appraisal of experience gained in Britain 1960 - 67

Abstract

The plant oils groundnut, coconut, mustard, sesame, soybean and rapeseed used as surface protectants at 1, 3 and 5 ml/kg of seed to test their efficacy against C. chinensis on a variety of chickpea resulted in significantly less oviposition on treated than untreated seeds. Least oviposition (34.3 eggs) occurred on seeds treated with mustard oil at 5 ml/kg, less with coconut oil at 5 ml/kg (46.0 eggs) and 3 ml/kg (47.3 eggs). Minimum percentage adult emergence (0.5) occurred from mustard oil‐treated seeds at 5 and 3 ml/kg, followed by groudnut (7.6), soybean (16.7) and rapeseed (6.2) oils used at 1 ml/kg. All the test oils adversely effected hatching and development of embryos, resulting in further population suppression. Seeds showed only 0.5% damage when treated with mustard oil at the rate of 5 and 3 ml/kg, and rapeseed at 5 ml/kg. Oil treatments did not adversely effect seed germination.     

Epitrix flea beetles: new threats to potato production in Europe

Epitrix tuberis and E. cucumeris are major pests of potatoes in North America. E. tuberis causes the most serious damage because the larval feeding can cause superficial serpentine tunnelling on the surface of tubers as well as deeper pits. This damage can make crops unmarketable. By contrast, E. cucumeris mainly damages the foliage, and yield losses can occur when the adults reach high densities. In 2004, potato tuber damage characteristic of E. tuberis was seen in Portugal. In 2008, damage was more widespread and severe. E. cucumeris and a lesser known species, E. similaris, were recorded in affected fields. E. similaris has since been found across Galicia, Spain. E. similaris is thought to be the most likely cause of the tuber damage in Portugal, but it is possible that E. cucumeris or an as yet undetected Epitrix species is causing the damage. In 2010, a pest risk assessment for the Euro‐Mediterranean area identified the movement of adults and pupae with seed or ware potatoes and associated soil as being the highest‐risk pathways for the spread of Epitrix. In 2012, EU emergency measures were agreed to reduce the risk of further introductions and the rate of spread of these pests.     

Assessing the social efficiency of temperate-zone commercial forestry programmes: Ireland as a case study

This paper attempts to contribute to the forestry valuation literature by providing a template for executing ex ante cost–benefit analyses of large-scale temperate plantation forestry programmes, taking the Irish Government's Forestry Plan as an example. An ex ante assessment of the social efficiency of the Plan is undertaken and, in doing so, a range of externalities is examined using, inter alia, contingent valuation and production function approaches. The appropriate magnitude of subvention of the Plan is also examined. The study demonstrates how large-scale forestry programmes and their external effects, both positive and negative, can be evaluated. In so doing, it provides insights into the methodological difficulties and solutions for assessing the social efficiency of large-scale environmental projects and the appropriate level of their subsidisation.     

嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区及邻近海域水环境质量评价

根据2010-2012年嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区6个航次的水质调查数据,通过三种评价模式对倾倒区及其邻近海域水环境进行了质量分析。结果显示,单因子评价模式表明该海域主要污染因子为活性磷酸盐和无机氮,Nemerow水质评价模式显示倾倒活动发生时对海域水环境造成一定的影响,而British Columbia水质指数评价模式研究显示,长期来看,倾倒活动未对邻近海域水质造成明显影响。     

改进综合气象干旱指数对广西农业干旱的适用性分析

【目的】分析改进综合气象干旱指数（IM_CI）对广西农业干旱的监测评估效果,探讨改进综合气象干旱指数对广西农业干旱监测评估的适用性。【方法】利用广西89个台站的气象资料,使用农田土壤水分平衡方程（FSWB）、改进综合气象干旱指数（IM_CI）分别模拟监测1961-2010年的广西农业干旱情况,对比分析两种指数的应用效果。【结果】IM_CI对农业干旱的历史灾情、典型过程的旱情演变、季节干旱频率的时空特征及季节的干湿特点有较好的描述,总体优于FSB。【结论】IM_CI对广西农业干旱的监测评估效果较好,适用于广西农业的干旱监测评估。     

植物组织培养技术实验课程教学与考核的创新

以植物组织培养技术实验课为例,从教学内容设计、考核方式等细节进行创新,通过分析改革效果,表明创新该课程可调动学生学习的积极性,增强其意志品质,同时还分析了改革的不足之处及下一步对策。     

环境风险评价与安全风险评价相容性研究

目前一些环境风险评价和安全风险评价报告混淆严重,不利于风险评价水平的提高。通过对环境风险评价和安全评价的相关性和差异性进行分析,得出二者可以相容的结论。该研究成果,不但促进了风险评价的完整性和科学性,更可以作为风险评价的新思路,具有一定的现实意义。     

F小体检测奶牛XY精子纯度

为了建立F小体检测奶牛精子纯度的方法,试验采用正交设计检测精子F小体不同的胰酶消化时间（40min,60min,80min）、喹吖因染色浓度（0．4％,0．5％,0．6％）和染色时间（10min,20min,30min）的优化方案,并且对分选X、Y精子及常规精液的F小体进行染色检测,评价分选X、Y精子的纯度。结果显示分选x、Y精子及常规精液在0．25％胰酶消化20min后0．5％喹吖因染色10min的条件下,纯度分别为92．7％、92．5％、48．3％与对应精子的理论纯度（93．3％,93．7％,50％）差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。因此本实验建立的F小体检测法可用于XY精子纯度的检测。     

Impact Assessments of Transgenic cry1Ab Rice on the Population Dynamics of Five Non-Target Thrips Species and Their General Predatory Flower Bug in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields Using Color Sticky Card Traps

A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice(KMD1 and KMD2) with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis(Bagnall),Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom),F.tenuicornis(Uzel),Haplothrips aculeatus(Fabricius),Haplothrips tritici(Kurd) and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.     

转双价几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶基因对棉花主要病虫害及天敌发生的影响

以转双价基因（Chi+Glu）棉花株系61217-1为对象,以其受体品种“中棉所24”和转Bt棉花品种“鲁棉研28”为对照,研究转双价基因对棉花主要病虫害及天敌发生的影响。结果表明,转基因株系61217-1的抗黄萎病性较受体品种显著提高,同时对苗病、早衰和铃病具有显著的控制作用,对叶斑病发生具有显著促进作用,对角斑病无显著影响;与受体品种相比,转基因株系61217-1上蚜虫、棉铃虫和棉盲蝽发生危害显著减轻,对红蜘蛛、白粉虱、蓟马及天敌瓢虫、草蛉、小花蝽、蜘蛛均无显著影响。