笃斯越桔离体培养及植株再生体系的建立

以笃斯越桔新生嫩芽为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的基部直接再生芽苗和生根的培养基,结果表明,最适合的基部直接再生芽苗诱导培养基为:DR+2-ip2.75 mg·L-1 +IAA0.10 mg·L-1,诱导率为99%;生根培养基:MS(改良)+IAA 1.00 mg·L-1 +Kt0.30 mg·L-1,生根率达98%;以再生植株的茎节为材料进行快繁的结果表明,在25 d的一个培养周期内增殖倍数平均达40以上,快繁培养基:MS(改良)+IAA 0.50～1.00 mg·L-1 +Kt0.30 mg·L-1+GA3 0.20 mg·L-1.建立了笃斯越桔的植株再生和快繁体系.     

长白山笃斯越桔离体器官再生不定芽的研究

以长白山笃斯越桔组培苗为试材,研究了外植体类型、培养基种类、植物生长调节剂组合、暗培养时间对笃斯越桔不定芽再生的影响。结果表明,以组培苗叶片为外植体的再生不定芽效果好于叶柄和无芽茎段,基本培养基中以改良MS最为适合,1／z改良MS、1／4改良MS培养基均不利于不定芽的再生,培养基中添加ZT的诱导效果好于TDZ、IBA。改良MS为基本培养基附加ZT2．0mg／L和IBA0．3mg／L,暗培养14d后转到光下培养30d,可以使再生频率达到78％,再生芽数达到12．6。     

浙江省广西越桔组织培养及遗传多样性分析

为了保育浙江省广西越桔,以凤阳山的广西越桔未成熟果实为材料,开展了未成熟种子培养、离体快繁体系建立、种群增强与回归和遗传多样性分析等研究。结果表明,接种至发育培养基(WPM+活性炭2.0 g·L^-1+谷氨酰胺0.4 g·L^-1+酶水解酪蛋白0.5 g·L^-1)后,85.19%未成熟种子发育完全,接种至萌发培养基(WPM+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+GA₃ 1.5 mg·L^-1)后,30.43%发育完全的种子萌发,总萌发率为25.92%。最适增殖培养基为6号增殖培养基(WPM+ZT 0.2 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1),增殖系数达106.67%,在生根培养基(WPM+IBA 1.0 mg·L^-1)上培养45 d后生根率为100%。种群增强与回归过程中植株长势良好,株高及株幅明显增加,部分植株与原生株及其他回归植株相比出现明显表型差异。遗传多样性分析结果显示,原生株与后代群体间的遗传相似系数在0.727 1~0.977 8之间,平均相似系数为0.841 0,极差为0.250 7。本研究成果可为浙江省广西越桔及相近处境珍稀植物的保育和利用提供理论与实践依据。     

笃斯越橘果实、叶片矿质元素和土壤肥力因子与果实品质的多元分析

【目的】分析大兴安岭地区不同立地类型中笃斯越橘果实总酚、类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖及可溶性糖含量特性;探究笃斯越橘果实、叶片矿质元素和根系层土壤肥力因子间及其与几个主要果实品质指标的关系;筛选通过影响笃斯越橘叶片矿质元素含量进而影响果实黄酮类和糖类物质积累的主要土壤肥力因子,为提高果实品质的土肥管理技术提供理论依据。【方法】以大兴安岭地区水湿地有土壤、水湿地苔草和山地土坡3种立地类型中的笃斯越橘为研究对象,使用典型相关分析法研究土壤肥力因子、叶片和果实矿质元素与果实品质的相关性;应用多元线性回归分析法建立回归方程,并筛选影响笃斯越橘叶片矿质元素的主要土壤肥力因子。【结果】大兴安岭地区水湿地有土壤、山地土坡2种立地类型中,笃斯越橘果实成熟期可溶性糖以葡萄糖和果糖为主,属于单糖积累型,其总含量占可溶性糖的84.20%（水湿地有土壤类型）、95.11%（山地土坡类型）,而水湿地苔草类型中葡萄糖和果糖总含量仅占可溶性糖的56.95%;果实总酚、花青苷含量在3种立地类型中差异显著（P＜0.05）。典型相关分析表明,果实总酚含量与果实Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn元素含量呈极显著正相关,与P元素含量呈显著负相关;果实K、Zn元素显著影响果实品质特性,其中果实K元素与果实类黄酮呈极显著正相关,与花青苷、可溶性糖呈显著正相关,果实Zn元素与果实类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖呈极显著负相关;叶片Ca、Fe元素与果实类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖分别呈现显著正相关和显著负相关,但叶片Ca元素与果实Zn元素呈极显著正相关;土壤肥力因子与果实品质指标的相关性较弱。叶片N、P、K元素与果实N、P、K元素呈显著正相关,叶片P元素与果实K元素呈极显著正相关,叶片Zn元素与果实Ca、Fe元素呈显著负相关;果实矿质元素中仅有Mg、Cu元素与土壤肥力因子呈显著相关,土壤肥力因子主要影响叶片矿质元素含量,但叶片矿质元素与土壤肥力因子间的关系较复杂。多元线性回归分析表明,土壤pH对叶片矿质元素含量的影响最大,其次是土壤有机质,随土壤有机质含量的增加,叶片N、P、K、Mn元素含量升高,但叶片Zn元素随有机质含量的升高呈现降低趋势。【结论】提高土壤有机质和铵态氮含量,增强土壤酸度是笃斯越橘栽培区土壤管理的关键技术;提高果实K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn含量,减少果实Zn元素含量是提高笃斯越橘果实品质的重要措施。     

兔眼越橘嫁接试验初报

报道了以云南越橘实生苗作砧木,5个兔眼越橘品种枝条作接穗的嫁接试验,结果表明:园蓝、杰兔品种的嫁接成活率较高,砧穗生长发育也较好;2月15日至5月15日的嫁接成活率高,砧穗生长期较长,是比较理想的嫁接时间;单芽切接、切腹接的成活率高,而且操作简便、工效高,是值得推广的嫁接方法;砧木年龄对成活率影响不大,但对嫁接苗后期的生长发育有影响,建议用3年生砧木;接穗年龄对成活率、嫁接苗后期的生长发育都有影响,建议用当年生、1年生枝条作接穗。     

乌饭叶中黄酮、多酚的提取及其抗氧化性研究

通过响应面分析法优化乌饭(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.)叶黄酮、多酚的提取工艺,并研究其体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,乌饭叶黄酮、多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为提取溶剂50％乙醇,料液比1∶41,提取时间50 min,提取温度83℃,该条件下黄酮、多酚得率分别为33.4、23.5 mg/g.乌饭叶提取液清除DPPH·、·OH的IC50分别为4.8、11.3μg/mL,其清除能力强于维生素C;同时,其还原能力强于维生素C,说明乌饭叶提取液具有较强的抗氧化活性.     

Fertilization of rabbiteye blueberries grown on a typic paleudult soil

A 6 year field study comparing the effects of 5 fertilizer sources applied at 4 levels to 3 rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars was established on a Typic paleudult soil in southern Misssssippi. Fertilizer sources had little influence on plant height, vigor, chlorosis, or fruit yield. The first year, ‘Tifblue’ was lowest in vigor and fruit yield, but after 4 growing seasons, had the highest plant height and fruit yields. Chlorosis symptoms were more prevalent at the highest fertilization rate, in the cultivar ‘Woodard’, and with Ca(NO₃)₂ fertilizer. During the first 5 years, fruit yields increased as fertilization levels increased from 0 to 5.9 g N/plant but additional fertilization did not influence yields There were no differences in plant vigor due to cultivars but the highest rate of fertilization decreased vigor. The cultivar X fertilization rate interaction was significant for plant height in 1983 and for fruit yields in 1984 and 1985. ‘Delite’ and ‘Woodard’ plant height increased while height of ‘Tifblue’ decreased as fertilization rates increased from the 0 to 5.9 g N/plant levels; higher rates decreased plant height in all cultivars. In 1984 and 1985 fruit yields of ‘Woodard’ and ‘Delite’ were not influenced by fertilization but yields of ‘Tifblue’ indicated a negative response to increasing fertilizer levels.     

乌饭树叶和乌饭营养成分的分析与评价

对野生植物乌饭树叶和乌饭的营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,乌饭树叶和乌饭中分别含有多种营养成分、丰富的矿物质元素和维生素,尤其是Vc、Fe、Mn、Se、Ca含量较丰富;至少含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为9 027 mg·hg^-1和7 121 mg·hg^-1,其中蛋氨酸、组氨酸含量较高,7种人体必需氨基酸（EAA）总量分别为3 613 mg·hg^-1和2 462 mg·hg^-1,占氨基酸总量的40.02%和34.57%。必需氨基酸中苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸的构成比例基本符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）的推荐标准,鲜味氨基酸（DAA）总量分别为2 212 mg·hg^-1和2 202 mg·hg^-1。     

Fertilizer Regime and Weed Pressure Minimally Influence Leaf Tissue Nutrient Levels during Cranberry Vine Establishment

Cranberry leaf tissue samples were analyzed annually over a 6-year period. Vines received varied nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and were subjected to low or high weed pressure. With few exceptions, levels of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and boron (B) were sufficient during the 6-year period. Calcium and B concentrations in cranberry vines treated with low, medium, or high rates of N were greater in areas with high weed pressure than in areas of low weed pressure. Levels of Zn and Mn were higher and K was lower in tissue collected from high weed areas in 4 out of 6 years. Calcium, Mg, Zn, Mn, B, and Fe levels were negatively correlated with increasing N rate. Overall, application of various N rates did not adversely affect cranberry leaf tissue nutrient content during the first 6 years.     

糖种类和浓度及pH值对长白山笃斯越桔组培苗增殖和生根的影响

以长白山笃斯越桔组培苗为试材,研究糖及pH值对笃斯越桔组培苗继代增殖及生根的影响,结果表明,30g/L的蔗糖浓度适宜于继代和生根,继代培养30d后的增殖倍数可达5.7倍,生根培养50d后的生根率可达80%;pH值4.2的培养基适宜笃斯越桔继代增殖及生根,继代培养30d后的增殖倍数可达5.9倍,生根培养50d后的生根率可达80%。