轮胎摩擦驱动的旋转式圆形土槽试验台设计与应用

为了克服传统直线式土槽试验台的缺点,提出了旋转式圆形土槽试验台的总体设计方案;为补偿大尺寸圆形土槽加工、装配误差和方便后续配合农业机械的模拟田间试验,设计了轮胎摩擦驱动的旋转式圆形土槽试验台的初始安装位置机械式调整装置,并计算了土槽不圆度补偿能力;设计了土槽试验台控制系统,建立以PLC为主控、伺服电机为执行机构的闭环系统,使得该土槽具有平稳的运行速度;经试验发现该试验台能够补偿土槽的不圆度,可以在0~3.8 r/min转速范围内平稳运转,最大速度波动标准差为0.038 r/min,从启动到进入平稳运行所需最长时间为9.8 s;配合栽植机构进行移栽试验,株距变异系数为4.46%,均匀性好,能够满足移栽农艺要求。     

竹材通过端部压注处理进行防裂及防蛀的研究

为了提高处理液在竹材内的渗透速度以及渗透效果 ,实验设计了一套端部压注装置 ,并将几种高分子化合物压注到竹材内部。结果表明 :1从酚醛树脂处理材扫描电镜图中可知 ,发现酚醛树脂已渗透到绝大多数的纤维和薄壁细胞胞壁中 ;2在防裂性方面 ,聚乙二醇 (PEG)处理材、无机盐处理材以及酚醛树脂处理材均具有较好的防裂效果 ;3防蛀效果从最佳到较好的试剂排列为 :3.5 %氟化钠 (Na F) ,34%氯化钙 (Ca Cl2 ) ,4 %五氯酚钠 (Na PCP) ,1.5 %聚乙烯醇 (PVA) ,2 5 %氯化钠 (Na Cl) ;4本次防裂防蛀处理中 ,氯化钙 (Ca Cl2 )的防裂防蛀效果最佳 ,氯化钠 (Na Cl)防裂防蛀效果略逊。     

Histiocytic Sarcoma with Central Nervous System Involvement in Dogs: 19 Cases (2006–2012)

Background

Reports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly of case reports describing 1–3 animals.

Objective

The objective of this study was to report the signalments, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of a series of dogs with HS and CNS involvement.

Animals

Nineteen dogs with HS examined at veterinary referral hospitals.

Methods

Retrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed and cases with a histopathological diagnosis of CNS HS were included in the study. Diagnostic imaging studies of the CNS were evaluated and histopathologic samples were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis.

Results

Retrievers and Pembroke Welsh Corgis were overrepresented in this cohort of dogs. Tumors involved the brain in 14 dogs and the spinal cord in 5. In 4 dogs, HS was part of a disseminated, multiorgan process whereas it appeared confined to the CNS in 15 dogs. Diagnostic imaging had variable appearances although extraaxial masses predominated in the brain. There was meningeal enhancement in all dogs that was often profound and remote from the primary mass lesion. Pleocytosis was present in all dogs with CSF evaluation. Median survival was 3 days.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Breed predispositions appear to vary from reports of HS in other organ systems. Some unique imaging and clinicopathologic characteristics, particularly brain herniation, profound meningeal enhancement, and pleocytosis in combination with 1 or more mass lesions, might help to differentiate this neoplasm from others involving the CNS, although this requires further study.     

Effect of temperature on the development of eggs and the daily pattern of spawning of round herring <Emphasis Type="Italic">Etrumeus teres</Emphasis>

Effect of temperature on the development of eggs of round herring Etrumeus teres was experimentally examined to construct a temperature-dependent egg development model. Mature fish were collected in the field and their eggs were artificially fertilized onboard. The eggs were incubated at nine temperatures set between 14.0 and 25.0°C. All eggs at the lowest three temperatures, 14.0°C, 15.0°C, and 16.0°C, ceased development and died at various stages before hatching. Durations required to hatching after fertilization ranged from 38.0 h at 25.0°C to 90.0 h at 17.5°C. The temperature-dependent egg development model, i.e., egg age in hours (y _i,t ) at the ith stage and temperature t (°C), was expressed as: y _i,t  = 4.604 × exp(−0.100 × t −0.129 × i) × i ^2.593. From the application of the model to early-stage eggs collected in the field, it is concluded that round herring starts spawning immediately after sunset and almost completes spawning by midnight. The temperature-dependent egg development model and the daily pattern of spawning presented in this study are essential tools for developing the daily egg production method to estimate the spawning stock biomass.     

一批乌拉圭奶牛境外预检及分析

受国家质检总局动植司委派,两位预检兽医官赴乌拉圭执行进口奶牛预检任务。该批荷斯坦奶牛来自乌拉圭13个省305个农场,初选奶牛共13 162头。农场检疫共采集血样13 002份,送往乌拉圭国家兽医实验室DILAVE进行疫病检测,检测疫病包括牛白血病(EBL)、牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)、副结核病(PT)、布鲁菌病和口蹄疫(FMD),共检出疫病呈阳性的牛(以下简称阳性牛)2 459头,阳性率18.91%,阳性牛全部淘汰,10 543头牛合格。经过临床检查后共有10 217头奶牛进入乌拉圭畜牧业、农业和渔业部(MGAP)批准的出口活牛隔离场Rubadel SA。隔离场共采集血样10 197份进行检疫,送DILAVE实验室进行EBL、BVD和FMD的检测,检出阳性牛227头,阳性率2.23%,9 970头牛合格。240头"哨兵动物"进行口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA检测合格。隔离期间同时进行了钩端螺旋体病治疗、体内外寄生虫驱除及口蹄疫(A型、O型)、传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)、炭疽(Anthrax)的疫苗注射。监装重点核对奶牛数量、耳号等信息,最终共计9 604头合格奶牛装船启程运往中国。预检兽医官与MGAP官方兽医一起顺利完成了该批进口奶牛产地检疫任务。     

青饲圆捆机对数螺线式成形装置设计与试验

为提高青贮饲料的打捆作业效率和作业质量,在现有青贮饲料打捆技术的基础上,设计了一种用于青贮作业,由喂料预压机构、对数螺线式二次压捆机构组成的对数螺线式圆草捆成捆装置。对不同含水率的玉米秸秆进行了不同压力角的试验,试验结果表明:取压力角小于20°的对数螺线式喂料压捆过程,解决了圆形内腔的成捆室在喂入粗大、湿润、坚硬物料时的堵塞问题;对含水率为50%~70%的玉米秸秆,装置压力角α值取15°时,喂入速度和压捆速度匹配较好;装置对高含水率的玉米秸秆具有较好的适应性。     

筒形件拉深孔成形工艺数值模拟分析

提出了一种能提高板料成形性能的拉深孔成形工艺,该工艺是通过减小拉深时凹模圆角处对板料的压应力,实现对板料成形性能的优化。以带凸缘的圆筒形件为研究对象,对采用该工艺进行拉深有限元模拟,从拉深后拉深件的危险断面处厚度减薄率和成形极限图方面得到了很好验证,同时分析了该工艺的成形机理和力学特征,并阐明了该工艺是提高板料成形性能的技术关键。     

The role of spatial mixing in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease

A model of epidemic dispersal (based on the assumption that susceptible cattle were homogeneously mixed over space, or non-spatial model) was compared to a partially spatially explicit and discrete model (the spatial model), which was composed of differential equations and used geo-coded data (Euclidean distances between county centroids). While the spatial model accounted for intra- and inter-county epidemic spread, the non-spatial model did not assess regional differences. A geo-coded dataset that resembled conditions favouring homogeneous mixing assumptions (based on the 2001 Uruguayan foot-and-mouth disease epidemic), was used for testing. Significant differences between models were observed in the average transmission rate between farms, both before and after a control policy (animal movement ban) was imposed. They also differed in terms of daily number of infected farms: the non-spatial model revealed a single epidemic peak (at, approximately, 25 epidemic days); while the spatial model revealed two epidemic peaks (at, approximately, 12 and 28 days, respectively). While the spatial model fitted well with the observed cumulative number of infected farms, the non-spatial model did not (P<0.01). In addition, the spatial model: (a) indicated an early intra-county reproductive number R of approximately 87 (falling to <1 within 25 days), and an inter-county R<1; (b) predicted that, if animal movement restrictions had begun 3 days before/after the estimated initiation of such policy, cases would have decreased/increased by 23 or 26%, respectively. Spatial factors (such as inter-farm distance and coverage of vaccination campaigns, absent in non-spatial models) may explain why partially explicit spatial models describe epidemic spread more accurately than non-spatial models even at early epidemic phases. Integration of geo-coded data into mathematical models is recommended.     

Exploring biophysical potential and sustainability of wheat cultivation in Uruguay at the national level

Abstract. A methodology is presented that explores soil survey information at the national level (1:1 M), generating sustainability indicators for wheat cultivation in Uruguay. Potential yields were calculated for simplified crop production situations under several constraints, such as limitation of water availability calculated from soil physical properties and climatic conditions, and limitation of nutrient availability calculated from soil fertility and climatic conditions. Land quality sufficiency was examined by comparing these yields with the constraint-free yield conditioned only by solar radiation, temperature and the crop's photosynthetic properties. Crop growth was simulated only for areas suitable for the defined agricultural use. Model runs were repeated with inclusion of a topsoil loss scenario over 20 years as defined from an erosion risk analysis. Comparison between crop growth simulations for the two situations, gives an indication of the changes in land quality status, which supplies an indicator for agroecological sustainability.
On the basis of crop growth simulation it is concluded that wheat production constraints in Uruguay appear to be mainly related to water availability limitations, while nutrient availability is near optimal for the suitable soils. The simulated loss of topsoil impacts most on soil physical properties, expressed in reduced water-limited yields. Soil fertility status, evaluated by change in nutrient-limited yields, was little affected by the scenario.     

摇臂式喷头圆射流初级碎裂数值模拟与实验

为探明摇臂式喷头射流碎裂机理,基于VOF多相流模型理论,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)分析软件Fluent,在200~600 k Pa的中低压条件下,使用几何重建(Geometry reconstruction)方法进行界面跟踪,用瞬态PISO方案求解控制方程,对摇臂式喷头圆射流初级碎裂进行数值模拟,获得了初级碎裂液滴直径和射流碎裂长度。采用高速摄影技术进行实验测量,分析了初级碎裂液滴直径和射流碎裂长度模拟值和实测值的相对误差,讨论了初级碎裂液滴直径和射流碎裂长度随喷嘴直径和工作压力的变化情况。结果表明,摇臂式喷头圆射流初级碎裂包括连续段、过渡段和碎裂段3个典型形态,喷嘴直径和入口压力是影响射流碎裂长度和射流初级碎裂液滴直径的主要因素,射流初级碎裂液滴直径D与喷嘴直径d(d5 mm)有较好的相关性(D=1.634d,R2=0.912),初级碎裂液滴直径的模拟值与实测值相对误差为23.92%,拟合精度良好。给出了射流碎裂长度L与韦伯数We的拟合模型,该模型能较好预测摇臂式喷头在低压条件下射流碎裂长度。