城乡建设用地总规模控制的难点与政策思考——以浙江省缙云县为例

以浙江省缙云县为研究案例,以农居点整理为切入点,从潜力、经济、生态3个方面系统分析了城乡建设用地总规模控制实行的可能性。研究表明,缙云县存在农村居民点整理潜力不足、整理资金约束大、农村居民点整理对生态环境潜在的负面影响较大等问题,增加了城乡建设用地总规模控制目标实现的难度。在此基础上,提出了控制城乡建设用地总规模的政策建议,即应从转变政府规划理念、合理建设工业园区、完善土地征收制度、合理选择整理模式、保障农民切身权益等5个方面配合农村居民点整理综合实施。     

创新思路破解城乡建设用地与耕地保护瓶颈——以赣州市为例

分析了赣州市土地资源利用现状及存在的问题,重点分析了城乡建设用地与耕地保护面临的严峻形势,提出了破解城乡建设用地与耕地保护瓶颈的新思路:创新各类规划方法,突破耕地占补平衡常规,拓展城乡用地空间;组建建设项目推进委员会,实行"一张图"管地,推动地方问责;加快划定永久性基本农田,并纳入政绩考核;严控土地抵押贷款行为,清查"圈地"、"囤地"企业;探索集约节约用地新思路,建立"亩均效益"评价机制,改变粗放用地模式;创建多部门的联动机制,建立存量土地动态台账,盘活存量土地利用空间。     

Re-think urban drainage following a SuDS retrofitting approach against urban flooding: A modelling investigation for an Italian case study

In the last decades, urban sprawl and soil sealing led to an increase of urban flooding phenomena. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) seem able to weaken stormwater-related criticalities, enhancing sustainability and city resilience.Relying on a detailed and feasible preparatory study of SuDS feasible retrofit design, based on a punctual identification of the areas suitable for retrofitting and the most appropriate combination of SuDS technologies, the reported research aimed to assess the effectiveness of a sustainable drainage approach in Sesto Ulteriano (Italy), an urban catchment suffering from stormwater management concerns. In particular, using the approach of a typical scenario analysis, this comparative modeling analysis involved SWMM5 for the assessment of the differences in the catchment hydrological behaviour between the mentioned specific and feasible SuDS retrofitting scenarios and a potential one, where non-specificity is considered for SuDS retrofitting location. Besides, the analyses focused on investigating how rainfall severity, areal extension and land use typical feature could influence the effectiveness of the sustainable redevelopment of the urban area.Results indicate that SuDS projects based on potential designs, which does not account for the feasible suds location, might result in a significant overestimation of the hydrological benefit. They showed, indeed, an improved hydrological performance, with average total volume reductions of the Combined Sewer Overflows up to over 70 % (retrofitting the 8.3 % of the catchment area), that is about 40 % higher than those obtained under the same areal extension by the feasible scenarios. Moreover, it was found that there could be an optimal SuDS retrofitting percentage above which additional hydrological benefits are undetectable. Land use, resulting in the variability in the degree of imperviousness necessarily associated to a variability in the retrofitting potential, also seemed to affect SuDS hydrological performance and for this reason should be included in an overall assessment. SuDS also proved to act successfully on the actual maximum percentage of nodes of the drainage network above a 0.7 filling degree threshold (about 52 % under 10-year return period rainfall) reducing it to 24 % with a feasible retrofitting involving the 8.3 % of the study area.     

中小城市生态宜居城市建设探讨——以怀化市为例

解析了生态宜居城市的概念,认为中小城市作为我国城市化的主体形态,相比大都市更有可能成为生态宜居城市。结合怀化市的实际情况,指出怀化市在建设生态宜居城市方面所具有的交通、生态、基础、民族特色优势,并从城市生态环境的角度分析了怀化市在生态宜居城市建设中存在的问题,认为其城市生态规划有待完善,城市环境污染仍较严重,民众环保意识有待提高。在此基础上,就怀化市生态宜居城市的建立提出了相关建议,强调应完善城市生态规划,加强环境污染治理,以及加强环保教育,提高民众的环保意识。     

云和旅游气候舒适度评价

利用浙江省云和县1971~2000年的气温、降水、相对湿度和平均风速等气候资料,通过计算云和县各月综合舒适度指数和温湿指数,分析评估了云和县丰富的旅游气候资源。结果显示：云和县有7个月为适宜旅游季节,其中5月、6月、9月和10月是云和县的最佳旅游期;从当年11月到翌年3月云和县气候寒冷,雷暴、暴雨、高温以及台风等天气是影响云和县旅游业的主要因素。     

Restoration and stress relief through physical activities in forests and parks

A field survey assessed the restorative effects of visiting an urban forest and a city park in Zurich, Switzerland. Respondents rated their headaches, level of stress, and how balanced they felt both prior to visiting the outdoor location and at the time of being interviewed. Suffering from headaches and stress decreased significantly, and feeling well-balanced increased significantly. The recovery ratio for stress was 87%, and the reduction in headaches was 52%, in terms of the possible improvements on five-point rating scales. With respect to feeling well-balanced, the observed changes amounted to 40% of the possible enhancement. Positive effects increased with length of visit, and individuals practising sports (e.g., jogging, biking, playing ball) showed significantly higher improvements than those engaged in less strenuous activities (e.g., taking a walk or relaxing). These findings support previous research on how exercise in green spaces promotes well-being and recovery from stress.     

城市污泥施入对不同类型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

[目的]研究长江三角洲地区施入城市污泥对不同类型土壤中磷酸酶活性的影响,为城市污泥的安全农业利用和环境保护提供重要的科学依据。[方法]通过室内培养试验,以长江三角洲地区的4种不同类型土壤和2种城市污泥为研究对象,研究了不同培养时间后2种城市污泥施入对不同类型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响。[结果]在整个培养期内,与对照土壤相比,不同类型的施污泥土壤磷酸酶活性的变化趋势和变化量均不同。但总体来讲,与培养初期（15d）相比,培养后期（105d）绝大部分处理土壤中磷酸酶活性变化不明显。土壤磷酸酶活性的变化与土壤性质、污泥性质等有关。土壤和污泥pH值、氮、磷、有机质等性质及污泥的有机、无机污染物的含量等可不同程度地影响土壤磷酸酶活性的变化。[结论]在整个培养期内,与对照土壤相比,城市污泥处理的绝大部分土壤中磷酸酶活性变化不明显。     

城郊不同下垫面对环境温、湿度的影响

城市热场空间分布和动态演变受城市下垫面特征影响较大,基于试验观测数据,对南京大学浦口校区不同景观类型下垫面（林地、草地和裸地）的温、湿度变化规律、特征进行了分析。结果表明：不同下垫面的温度变化趋势相似,温度白天在13：00左右达到最高点,夜间4：00达到最低点;而林地、草地、裸地的湿度变化与温度变化相反,一般在白天13：00左右为最低,而夜间2：00～4：00为最高。白天裸地、草地的温、湿度变化幅度明显大于林地,而在夜间3者非常接近。冬季裸地的地温变化幅度大于草地的地温变化幅度;各深度的地温均为草地高于裸地,并且差异显著。因此草地比裸地具有更强的保温效果。     

城市绿地系统规划刍议

在城市绿地系统规划研究的基础上,对城市绿地系统规划的概念、存在的问题以及近年来涌现的绿地系统规划新思想进行了归纳总结。同时就我国城市绿地系统规划提出了基于景观生态安全格局的新思想,这对中国城市环境与区域的生态安全和可持续发展具有重要的意义。文章的最后对未来的城市绿地系统规划的发展趋势做出了展望。     

省域城市竞争力综合评价研究——以新疆为例

构建了城市竞争力综合评价的指标体系和计量模型,采用因子分析法对新疆省22个地级市的城市竞争力进行了逐一测度,根据测度结果将22个地级市分为4个层次,对各层次城市发展的优劣势进行了综合分析,并提出了提升城市竞争力的相关对策和建议。