Effect of differently post-treated dewatered sewage sludge on β-glucosidase activity,microbial biomass carbon,basal respiration and carbohydrates contents of soils from limestone quarries

This work has evaluated the effects of thermally dried (TDS) or composted (CDS) dewatered sewage sludge on β-glucosidase activity, total (TCH) and extractable (ECH) carbohydrate content, microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration of soils from limestone quarries under laboratory conditions. Two doses (low and high) of the dewatered sludge (DS) or of the respective TDS or CDS were applied to a clayey and a sandy soil, both coming from working quarries. The soil mixtures and the controls (soils with no added sludge) were incubated for 9 months at 25°C and 30% of field capacity. The addition of sludge increased all the studied soil parameters, and the increase depended on the amount of sludge. Except in the case of TCH and ECH, the enhancing effect decreased with time, but at the end of incubation, parameters of the treated soils were higher than those of the control. The rank order of the initial stimulating effect was soil–TDS ≥ soil–DS ≥ soil–CDS, and probably, this order depended on the proportion of stable organic matter, which was the lowest in the TDS. Values of metabolic quotient (qCO₂) were higher at the lower dose, and they did not change during incubation in the CDS-treated soils. Both TCH and ECH were the parameters with the greatest significant sludge and dose effects. Basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon and β-glucosidase activity were the best measured parameters in distinguishing the long-term effects of the three sludge types over the soils.     

50年来太湖水网地区城市化空间过程的监测与模拟 Ⅰ宜兴城区城市用地扩展的遥感监测

长期以来,由于历史数据的缺乏,很难获得解放后我国城市扩展的完整过程。本研究在遥感、地理信息系统技术支持下,采用7个时期的航空图片和卫星数据,分别对宜兴市194 9、196 6、1981、1984、1992、1996和2 0 0 0年的城区范围和耕地被占用情况进行监测。结果表明,5 0多年来宜兴城区面积从1 5km2 扩展到13 5km2 ,翻了3番多;城市扩展过程呈现两个阶段,即194 9～1984年的缓慢扩展阶段和1985～2 0 0 0年的快速扩展阶段,前一阶段年均扩展速度仅3% ,而后一阶段年均扩展速度达到2 1% ;各个时期城市扩展占用的土地中90 %以上是高质量的耕地,表明城市扩展成为耕地流失的主要因素之一。相关分析显示,城市扩展与工业发展关系最密切,工业发展为城区扩展提供了动力,而城区面积与第三产业比重的相关系数在三个产业中是最高的,表明宜兴城区成为该县第三产业的主要聚集地。从空间扩展过程来看,宜兴城区1984年以前沿着老城区零散填充式扩展,此后沿着公路快速扩展,并逐渐呈块状填充式扩展。由于宜兴处于苏南水网发达地区,水系严重制约了城市扩展的方向,而道路和桥梁建设则导引城市扩展方向     

城市土壤有机碳和黑碳的含量特征与来源分析

由于城市化过程中人为活动的深刻影响，城市土壤的一些性质被强烈地改变。城市土壤有机质由于来源的多样性和受到不同程度人为活动的影响，其组成和分布特征表现出异质性和多样性。本研究以南京市为对象，研究了功能区之间土壤有机碳和黑碳含量的差异。与郊区土壤相比，城市土壤的有机碳含量普遍较高。通过对有机碳组成的分析发现其中稳定的黑碳含量较郊区土壤明显偏高，且在不同功能区之间呈现差异性，体现了人为影响过程和污染来源的差别。同时发现路边绿化带土壤正受到来自交通环境的强烈影响，其有机碳和黑碳含量与其他功能区存在显著差异。不同功能区之间因人为影响的差异，土壤中黑碳含量与有机碳含量的比值表现出明显的不同，可以指示黑碳的可能来源。城市土壤环境中黑碳可能构成了总有机碳中的很大部分，这与自然土壤有明显的差别。     

遥感及CA模型支持下的吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展分析与预测

利用长时间序列高分辨率Landsat TM影像,对吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展模式特征及驱动机制进行了分析,确定了其影响因子和限制因素,并基于CA模型原理对该研究区的城市扩展进行了模拟与预测.结果表明.吉隆坡及其周边地区城市扩展一直处于多经济核心支持下的中高速扩展阶段.吉隆坡内部的填充式扩展模式在整个城市扩展期间受周边的集中式扩展影响较大.在地形、经济及行政政策的交互影响下,研究区的扩展方向主要为西北、南、东南方向,其中以南部的城市扩展在各个时期最为突出.     

重庆市城市污泥中的重金属及其农用环境容量

城市污泥农用的环境风险取决于城市污泥中的污染物含量及土壤理化性质。该文分析了重庆市10个城市污水处理厂污泥中的Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd含量及形态,根据土壤环境容量及氮肥施用量计算了重庆主要旱地土壤的最大施用量和年施用量。结果表明,重庆市城市污泥中的Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd含量分别为362.12～725.32mg/kg,69.84～170.22mg/kg,21.25～107.24mg/kg和1.26～4.25mg/kg。污泥中不稳定态Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd的比例分别为42.89%～44.74%,2.69%～9.45%,0.95%～12.06%和61.05%～79.91%。根据土壤重金属的静态容量,计算出重庆主要旱地土壤紫色土和黄壤城市污泥的一次性最高施用量分别为384.62t/hm2和98.90t/hm2。根据土壤重金属动态容量,以15、20、50为年限,计算出的城市污泥的年施用量,紫色土为66.10,60.91和55.71t/(hm2·a),黄壤为30.32,28.99和27.53t/(hm2·a)。根据作物的需氮量计算城市污泥的年施用量为3.04～6.40t/(hm2·a),该施用量低于根据土壤环境的动态容量计算的施用量,按此用量施用城市污泥更安全。     

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia parasites in domestic dogs in Nigeria

The present study examined the presence of Babesia parasites in 104 domestic dogs in Nigeria. Sequentially, Babesia parasites infecting domestic dogs underwent genetic and phylogenetic analyses. The results of nested PCR based on the Piroplasmida 18S rRNA gene illustrated that 13.5% (14/104) of the samples were positive. The obtained positive samples determined the nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA genes. In the genetic and phylogenetic analyses, four of five nucleotide sequences were similar to Babesia canis rossi, and one sample exhibited a close similarity to a Babesia sp. isolated from a raccoon in Hokkaido, Japan. The present study revealed the widespread presence of B. canis rossi among domestic dogs in Nigeria.     

我国城市园林设计的不足与建议

论述了城市园林设计在城市建设和经济建设中的重要作用,总结了当前我国城市园林设计存在的问题,提出关于城市园林设计的建议。     

广州市主要湖泊沉积物磷的赋存形态

以广州市主要城市湖泊为研究对象,从环境地球化学角度阐明沉积物中磷的总量、主要赋存形态与其潜在释放风险和环境效应的内在联系,为广州市城市湖泊环境特征评估及后续的生态修复提供基础数据和理论支撑。2016-2017年对广州市8个主要城市湖泊花都湖、白云湖、东山湖、流花湖、天河湖、海珠湖、荔湾湖、麓湖表层沉积物的总磷（TP）及各形态磷的含量与分布特征进行研究,并运用单因子污染指数法和生物有效性指数法对沉积物磷污染程度进行评价。结果表明：广州市湖泊表层沉积物TP含量为368～5 276 mg/kg,平均3 277 mg/kg,其含量分布特征表现为东山湖>白云湖>花都湖>流花湖>天河湖>荔湾湖>麓湖>海珠湖。TP中以无机磷（IP）为主要存在形式,占TP含量的67.56%～87.44%,IP中又以铁结合态磷（Fe-P）为主,占TP含量的32.77%～60.24%,均值为42.88%。相关分析表明TP与Fe-P和有机磷OP,Fe-P与De-P,Ca-P与OP呈显著的正相关关系,表明其来源的相似性。通过分析可将广州市湖泊分为受珠江干流直接影响、接纳河涌入水、相对...     

GM1 gangliosidosis in a Japanese domestic cat: a new variant identified in Hokkaido,Japan

A male Japanese domestic cat with retarded growth in Hokkaido, Japan, showed progressive motor dysfunction, such as ataxia starting at 3 months of age and tremors, visual disorder and seizure after 4 months of age. Finally, the cat died of neurological deterioration at 9 months of age. Approximately half of the peripheral blood lymphocytes had multiple abnormal vacuoles. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bisymmetrical hyperintensity in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes in the forebrain on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and mild encephalatrophy of the olfactory bulbs and temporal lobes. The activity of lysosomal acid β-galactosidase in leukocytes was negligible, resulting in the biochemical diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. Histologically, swollen neurons characterized by accumulation of pale, slightly granular cytoplasmic materials were observed throughout the central nervous system. Dysmyelination or demyelination and gemistocytic astrocytosis were observed in the white matter. Ultrastructually, membranous cytoplasmic bodies were detected in the lysosomes of neurons. However, genetic analysis did not identify the c.1448G>C mutation, which is the single known mutation of feline GM1 gangliosidosis, suggesting that the cat was affected with a new variant of the feline disease.     

Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of municipal sludge on soil aggregation and to assess its value for soil erosion reduction, both under natural and in simulated rainfall conditions. Doses of 200 and 400 Mg ha⁻¹ sewage sludge (dry weight) were applied to the soil of experimental plots situated on a 28 degree slope. Two sludge application procedures were tested: pre-mixing into the soil before disposal on the slope, and direct application on the soil surface. Sheet erosion was measured by collecting the sediment carried down to a Gerlach trough situated at the base of the plots. Simulated rainfall, with an intensity of 64 mm h⁻¹, was applied to evaluate soil erodibility. When the soil had no vegetation, the erosion measured on plots treated with sludge represented less than 10 per cent of the erosion from the control plot. Even when the vegetation was well developed, the erosion was also lower in the plots where sludge had been applied. In simulated rainfall, the soil loss was inversely proportional to the sludge dose, and when sludge was applied directly on the soil surface the erosion rates and particle mobilization caused by raindrop impact were minimal. Sludge amendments increase infiltration rates and improve soil structure, increasing the mean weight diameter of aggregates and their water resistance.