稻曲病病粒数对水稻产量影响分析

2008年以千重浪为试验品种研究稻曲病病粒数多少对水稻产量损失和病穗产量结构的影响。结果表明,稻曲病的发生对每穗总粒数及离病粒较远的健粒影响较小,病粒的多少与单穗实粒重、产量损失率有较大的相关性,病粒的存在强烈影响着接近主轴粒的健粒千粒重,并使病穗空秕率上升,千粒重下降,最终影响水稻产量。     

利用食用菌废料培养康宁木霉的配方研究

[目的]通过对固态发酵康宁木霉配方的试验研究,确定以食用菌废料为主要原料培养康宁木霉的最佳配方。[方法]通过配方中加入食用菌废料后对康宁木霉的长势、有效活菌数及纤维素酶活性等指标进行测定,并对结果进行分析。[结果]以食用菌废料为主要原料培养康宁木霉的最佳配方为食用菌废料50%,麸皮30%,玉米面10%,豆粕1.5%,稻壳及其他8.5%。[结论]该研究为杏鲍菇食用菌废料作为替代原料提供了理论依据。     

小麦叶片出生与穗分化关系的研究

 以小麦冬性品种京411和春性品种扬麦158为材料,于9月30日(早播)、10月30日(适期播种)和3月2日(晚播)分期播种。研究得出,叶龄与穗分化时期的对应关系因品种、播期而异;叶龄余数与主要穗分化时期的关系在适播条件下品种间十分接近;叶龄指数与穗分化的关系因品种而异,但不同播期间差异较小。结果初步揭示了小麦叶龄、叶龄余数、叶龄指数与穗分化进程的相互关系,为作物栽培调控和生长模拟提供了依据。     

Effect of delayed sowing on grain number,grain weight,and protein concentration of wheat grains at specific positions within spikes

Delays in sowing have significant effects on the grain yield, yield components, and grain protein concentrations of winter wheat. However, little is known about how delayed sowing affects these characteristics at different positions in the wheat spikes. In this study, the effects of sowing date were investigated in a winter wheat cultivar, Shannong 30, which was sown in 2019 and 2020 on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) under field conditions. Delayed sowing increased the partitioning of ¹³C-assimilates to spikes, particularly to florets at the apical section of a spike and those occupying distal positions on the same spikelet. Consequently, the increase in grain number was the greatest for the apical sections, followed by the basal and central sections. No significant differences were observed between sowing dates in the superior grain number in the basal and central sections, while the number in apical sections was significantly different. The number of inferior grains in each section also increased substantially in response to delayed sowing. The average grain weights in all sections remained unchanged under delayed sowing because there were parallel increases in grain number and ¹³C-assimilate partitioning to grains at specific positions in the spikes. Increases in grain number m^–2 resulted in reduced grain protein concentrations as the limited nitrogen supply was diluted into more grains. Delayed sowing caused the greatest reduction in grain protein concentration in the basal sections, followed by the central and apical sections. No significant differences in the reduction of the grain protein concentration were observed between the inferior and superior grains under delayed sowing. In conclusion, a 2-week delay in sowing improved grain yield through increased grain number per spike, which originated principally from an increased grain number in the apical sections of spikes and in distal positions on the same spikelet. However, grain protein concentrations declined in each section because of the increased grain number and reduced N uptake.     

大学生党建与思想政治工作教育系统设计——以彩信技术为例

大学生党建与思想政治工作通常采用发放文件、集中学习的方法。传统手段略显陈旧,互动教学效果差,学生难以妥善安排学习时间。如果能应用大学生乐于接受的彩信技术实现移动教学,可充分利用学生的闲暇时间,提高互动教学效果。基于GPRS MODEM硬件基础,应用了彩信控件二次开发,开发了党建与思想政治工作教育系统,开办了多个党建与思想政治工作教学栏目,实现了彩信发送、短信的收发。     

当事人民事诉讼权利救济的比较研究——以德国、日本、法国的民事诉讼法为考察中心

德国、法国和日本的民事诉讼权利救济与实体权利的保护、法院权力的制约紧密联系。同时,上述国家更从宪法层次配置诉讼权利的救济,明确规定了可救济的当事人诉讼权利范围和救济措施,也从程序管理或司法行政措施的角度排除当事人诉讼权利的救济。德国、法国和日本的民事诉讼法都采取了“金字塔式”的诉讼权利救济模式,相比之下,德国和日本的救济模式更加接近,救济范围比法国更广,对法院职权控制比法国更严。     

坡面薄层水流流态判定方法的初步探讨

为了研究坡面薄层水流流态的判定方法,从水力学与泥沙动力学观点出发,在4种不同坡度有机玻璃床面与人工粗糙床面(砂粒粒径为0.5～1 mm)上对坡面薄层水流进行了试验研究,并应用水力学二元流雷诺数与泥沙动力学绕流雷诺数对坡面薄层水流流态进行了分析比较,研究结果表明绕流雷诺数能较好反映坡面薄层水流流态。     

离体穗培养条件下C、N供给对小麦穗粒数、粒重及蛋白质含量的影响

为探究C、N供给时期和供给水平对小麦籽粒建成及蛋白质含量的影响,以冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,采用离体穗培养的方法,设置了三个蔗糖浓度(C1:20 g·L-1;C2:40 g·L-1;C3:80 g·L-1)和四个硝酸铵水平(N1:0.57g·L-1;N2:1.14g·L-1;N3:2.28 g·L-1;N4:4.56g...     

低雷诺数工况下锯齿型翅片性能的参数化研究

基于田口方法,结合均匀设计法对低雷诺数工况下错列锯齿型翅片进行三维参数化数值研究。以单层翅片组件为测试对象,对6种试件的试验表明,仿真结果与试验数据的趋势吻合良好,而存在差异的主要原因是试件加工工艺引起翅片表面存在毛刺。按照均匀设计法得到6因子5水平的11种仿真方案,引入田口方法的信噪比和贡献率,研究各几何参数对翅片性能的影响程度,依次为齿距、齿高、齿型角、错齿距、齿开窗宽度和齿厚。根据各水平下各可控因子的信噪比分布得到翅片的优化模型,并通过仿真验证了优化模型的有效性。     

锡林郭勒草原植被覆盖度时空动态与影响因素分析

以MODIS地表辐射率数据对内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒草地进行研究,分析了2001—2013年生长季(4—10月份)草甸草原、典型草原、沙地草原和荒漠草原4种草地类型植被覆盖度(fv)的时空变化特征,用变异系数(C_v)衡量各类草原f_v的变化程度,并结合气象和放牧数据分析气候变化和人类活动(放牧)对草地f_v的影响。结果表明,在不同年份各类型草原f_v均表现为由东向西递减的规律,同类型草原年际间fv呈不显著波动变化。研究区多年f_v的Cv结果表明有78.66%地区属脆弱和很脆弱水平,其中典型草原和沙地草原属脆弱级别,而荒漠草原属很脆弱级别,只有草甸草原属稳定级别。降水量对f_v的影响较大,呈显著正相关关系;而温度对fv的影响较小,呈不显著负相关关系;牲畜养殖数量对f_v影响较大,锡林郭勒盟草原的适宜综合牲畜养殖数量为39只/km~2(以标准羊计)。