葡萄对白粉病的抗性

采用田间自然鉴定和田间人工接种鉴定的方法,研究了8个欧亚种葡萄品种(系)及1个欧山杂种对白粉病的抗性。结果表明,无论田间自然鉴定还是田间接种鉴定,色拉的抗病性均最弱,白克列海特次之,爱格丽和梅鹿特的抗病性最强。另外,田间自然鉴定情况下,品丽珠的抗病性较弱,88-02、88-03、88-04的抗病性较强;而在田间接种条件下,北醇的抗病性也较强。     

葡萄白粉菌孢子扩散动态与田间病情相关性研究

[目的]了解葡萄白粉菌分生孢子时空分布动态,并分析其与田间病情的相关性,为准确测报和防治提供依据.[方法]在葡萄生长期应用便携式孢子捕捉仪分别观测1 d内不同时间、不同高度及整个生长期白粉菌空中孢子数量.同时定点系统调查田间葡萄白粉病情,分析两者之间的相关性.[结果]分生孢子主要发生在每日10:00～22:00,14:00～16:00捕孢量最多而稳定;距地面1.5 m左右的捕孢量最大,冠层以上捕孢量随高度增加而逐次减少. 2009年当地葡萄白粉菌分生孢子始见期在6月中旬,扩散期为6～9月,7月下旬～8月下旬为扩散盛期,9月后进入消退期.自捕捉到孢子5 d后田间开始陆续发病.葡萄生长期白粉菌孢子扩散量与田间病情的相关系数为0.83.[结论]葡萄白粉菌分生孢子释放扩散具有明显的昼夜周期性.孢子扩散主要发生在白天,扩散高峰期在14:00～16:00,大多分布在葡萄冠层以下,以1～2 m处最多.分生孢子扩散动态与田间病情扩展动态呈显著正相关.     

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the β-tubulin gene distinguishing two genotypes of Erysiphe necator expressing different symptoms on grapevine

The biotrophic fungus Erysiphe necator (formerly Uncinula necator ), for which two genetic groups have been described in European vineyards, is the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew. By analysing the pathogen population with respect to polymorphism in the sequence of the β-tubulin gene, which distinguishes two groups of isolates, a new tool was developed for epidemiological and population studies and tested in the vineyard. As in many ascomycetes, the β-tubulin gene of E. necator ( Entub ) includes six introns and seven exons and encodes a 447-amino-acid protein. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the intron-3 region of the Entub gene distinguished two genetic groups (A and B). This method was used to examine differences in the ratio of the two groups from a total of 289 grape powdery mildew samples collected at the beginning of the growing season from either flag shoots or leaves with sparse-spot symptoms in four different vineyards. The SNP in the intron-3 region of the β-tubulin gene, similar to SNPs in the CYP51 gene, was associated with genotypes A and B of E. necator and confirmed the existence of two sympatric populations of the pathogen in the French vineyards. Differences in the relative proportions of each group varied with the presence or absence of flag-shoot symptoms and with the region in which isolates had been collected.     

3种药剂对2个葡萄品种白粉病的防治效果

葡萄白粉病分布于我国各葡萄产区,是危害葡萄（VitisviniferaL）叶片和果实的一种真菌病害。以欧亚种葡萄‘9307’和‘维多利亚’为材料,用“50％乙生WP”600倍液、“70％威尔达甲托WP”600倍液和“50％多菌灵WP”1000倍液进行了白粉病的防治试验。结果表明,“50％乙生WP”600倍液和“70％威尔达甲托WP”600倍对葡萄白粉病均有良好的防治效果,“50％多菌灵WP”1000倍液的防效较差;3种药剂多次喷施对‘9307’的防治效果要显著优于‘维多利亚’